Background: Bacterial bloodstream infection is the major public health problem which leads to high morbidity and mortality of patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatments of bacterial blood stream infections are the best approach to reduce the patients' are becoming worsen conditions and to prevent the developments of drug resistance bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile of blood stream infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Records of 500 patients blood culture result from Clinical Microbiology laboratory unit of Addis Ababa Regional Laboratory was reviewed from January, 2015 to December, 2016. Data was entered and analysed by using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and results were expressed using frequency and percentages. Tables and graphs were used to summarize the results. The chi-square test was employed to assess the association between variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 500 blood culture results reviewed, among these the frequency of blood culture positive was 164 (32.8%). Out of a total 164 isolates, 127 (77.4%) were gram-positive bacteria and 37 (22.6%) were gram-negative bacteria. The predominant bacteria species isolated comprise Staphylococcus aureus 82 (50.0%), Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) 43 (26.21%), Klebisella pneumoniae 23 (14.02%), Escherichia coli 6 (3.6%), Acinobacter baumannii 4 (2.4%), Streptococcus species 3 (1.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (1.2%) and Nesseriae meningitidis 1 (0.6%). Generally, in this study majority of gram-positive isolates showed high resistance to commonly used antimicrobials to Penicillin(83.5%),Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (83.5%), Erythromycin (77.3%), Doxycycline (76.5%), Tetracycline (76.5%), Gentamycin (75.0%), and least resistant to Clindamycin (5.4%) and Chloramphenicol (46.1%) and high resistant gram-negative isolates was seen to Ampcillin (88.5%),Amoxicillinclavulanic acid (80%), Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (80%), Ceftriaxone (77.1%) and least resistant to Ceftriaxone (42.8%) and Cefepime (51.5%). In this study it was also revealed that isolated bacteria species developed multi drug resistance to most of the antibiotics commonly tested. Conclusions:In this study the overall blood culture positive bacterial isolate rate was high (32.8%). The most predominant blood culture isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococci and Klepsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic resistances of isolates were alarmingly high so that proper management of patients with blood stream infections needs careful selection of effective antibiotics.

Background Early detection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in women of child bearing ages may reduce the risk of maternal health disorder. This study was conducted to determine the burden of H. pylori infections and associated risk factors among women of child bearing ages in Kolfe Keranio Subcity Woreda 9 Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted from April to October 2015. The study recruited 195 pregnant and 137 nonpregnant women with age range of 16-40 years. Sociodemographic data of study participants were collected by structured questionnaire. Venous blood was analyzed to determine hemoglobin, H. pylori stool antigen test kit was used to assess H. pylori infection, and fresh fecal (stool) was used to examine intestinal parasites among study subjects. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model using odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results The overall burden of H. pylori infection among study participants was 29% (96/332). H. pylori infection was statistically significantly associated with pregnancy status (AOR: 1.825, CI (1.42-2.15), P=0.020), history of hyperemesis gravidarum (AOR=7.028, C.I (2.47-19.99), P=0.018), and low hemoglobin value (AOR=0.177, CI (0.083–0.379), p=0.003). There was no statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and sociodemographic characteristics and some expected risk factors like smoking, Khat chewing, alcohol drinking habit, and presence of intestinal parasites. Conclusion In this study, H. pylori infection was still a public health problem in the study area. H. pylori infected women also had high rate of anemia compared to women who had not H. pylori infected. Hence clinician and other responsible bodies should give a special attention for women who had been infected with H. pylori. Further large case control studies are warranted to understand more the role of H. pylori, HG, and other associated risk factors.