ABSTRACT:The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of drying air temperature and storage conditions used in Brazil on the quality of corn grains (Zea mays L.) for ethanol production. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a (3x2x2) factorial arrangement (drying air temperatures of 80, 100 and 120 ºC vs. ambient storage conditions of 23 ºC / 60% RH and cooled to 10 ºC / 40% RH vs. storage time of zero and six months). The corn grains were harvested with a water content of 18.0% (w.b.). Then, they were dried in a convection/forced-air oven at different temperatures, until water content reached 12% (w.b.). After that, the grains were stored. It was concluded that the increase in drying air temperature reduced lipid content and starch percentage, decreasing ethanol yield to 38.74 L ton -1 of grains. Storage under refrigeration at 10 °C was favorable for the maintenance of lipid levels (+2%), starch percentage (6%) and ethanol yield (33 L ton -1 of grains). Thus, considering production conditions and weather in Brazil, grains should be dried at air temperatures up to 80 °C, and storage must be performed under refrigerated air up to 10 °C for quality assurance of maize grains in the dry season and, therefore, increased ethanol production in the industry.
RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatura do ar de secagem (80, 100 e 120 °C) e a redução dos teores de água na qualidade física e físico-química de grãos de milho (Zea mays L.) em um secador de fluxo mistos operando de forma continua. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (7x3) (teores de água x temperaturas de secagem). A redução dos teores de água associados ao aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem reduziu o comprimento, a largura, a espessura, o volume, a esfericidade e a circularidade dos grãos de milho. Os índices de acidez e a porcentagem de cinzas aumentaram com a redução dos teores de água, não havendo diferenças entre as temperaturas do ar de secagem. A diminuição dos teores de água com o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem aumentou a condutividade elétrica e reduziu a germinação dos grãos, não havendo diferença entre as temperaturas de 100 e 120 °C. Concluiu-se que, o processo de secagem contínua em secadores de fluxo misto de ar e produto na temperatura do ar de até 80 °C, não afetou negativamente a qualidade física e físico-química dos grãos de milho. Palavras-chave:Armazenamento, qualidade, Zea mays L. DRYING CLOSED CORN GRAIN DRYER FLOW IN A COMMERCIAL MIXED ABSTRACTThe objective was to evaluate the effects of drying air temperature (80, 100 and 120 °C) and falling water levels in physical and physicochemical quality of grains of maize (Zea mays L.) in a dryer flow mixed operating of continuous form. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (7x3) (water content x drying temperatures). The reduction of the water content associated with the increased temperature of the drying air reduced length, width, thickness, volume, sphericity and roundness of corn grains. The acid values and the percentage of ash increased with the reduction of water levels, with no differences between the drying air temperatures. The decrease of the water content by increasing the drying air temperature increased electrical conductivity and reduced the germination of grains, with no difference between the temperatures of 100 and 120 °C. It was concluded that the drying process is continuously mixed flow of air and product dryers in the air temperatures at 80 °C in not affected the physical and physical-chemical quality of the corn grains.
RESUMOObjetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade de grãos de soja armazenada durante seis meses em ambiente com temperaturas baixas e em diferentes embalagens. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, fatorial (2x3x2), sendo dois tipos de embalagens (sacos de papel permeável e sacos de plástico de polietileno), três temperaturas de acondicionamento (3, 10 e 23 0 C) e dois tempos de avaliação (zero e seis meses). O aumento do tempo de armazenamento reduziu à qualidade dos grãos de soja, independentemente das condições de armazenamento e embalagem. O armazenamento em embalagem permeável afetou mais a qualidade dos grãos de soja. A temperatura de armazenamento de 23 °C foi a que mais alterou negativamente a qualidade dos grãos de soja. O armazenamento na temperatura do ar de 3 °C foi mais favorável para a qualidade dos grãos de soja, embora alguns resultados de qualidade foram iguais, com o armazenamento na temperatura de 10 °C. Concluiu-se que, o resfriamento artificial do ambiente de armazenamento para temperaturas inferiores a 10 °C pode ser a melhor alternativa para preservar a qualidade dos grãos armazenados. As embalagens impermeabilizadas, para as mesmas condições médias de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de armazenagem podem contribuir para minimizar perdas em grãos de soja, em comparação com embalagens permeáveis, considerando-se os atributos qualitativos analisados. Palavras-chave:Glycine max (L.) Merril, indústria, pós-colheita. QUALITY OF SOYBEAN GRAINS STORED IN LOW TEMPERATURES ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of soybeans stored for six months in an environment with low temperatures and in different packaging. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial (2x3x2), two types of packaging (permeable paper bags and polyethylene plastic bags) three packaging temperatures (3, 10, and 23 °C) and two times of evaluation (zero and six months). The increased storage time reduced quality of soybeans, regardless of storage conditions and packaging. Storage in permeable packaging affected more the quality of soybeans. The storage temperature of 23 °C was the most negatively alter * paulocoradi@yahoo.com.br
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