Introduction: Autophagy is a mechanism that is involved in the regulation of cellular life, apoptosis, and stemness while its intervening genes play important functions in various cancers including lung cancer. ATG5 is one of the key genes for the regulation of the autophagy pathway. In this study, our team has investigated the potential relationship between ATG5 gene polymorphism rs2245214 with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a subpopulation of patients from southern Iran. In this study, 34 patients with NSCLC (20 males and 14 females [mean age: 12.86 ± 60.47 years]) and 50 healthy subjects (30 males and 20 females [mean age: 13.09 ± 56.62 years]) were studied in terms of the genotype of the ATG5 gene. We used restriction fragment length polymorphism and analyzed the results using SPSS software (v.23). The results revealed that subjects harboring the guanine/cytosine (GC) genotype of the rs2245214 ATG5 gene polymorphism had suffered less from NSCLC, whereas the prevalence of the C‐allele of this polymorphism was significantly higher in patients with NSCLC ( P < 0.05). On the basis of the results of logistic regression, the presence of this C‐allele may predict the risk of lung cancer ( P value = 0.011; OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.33‐9.26). This study concludes that the C‐allele of the rs2245214 ATG5 gene polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to NSCLC, whereas the GC genotype of this polymorphism is associated with decreased risk and might therefore have a protective role in the development of NSCLC.

Background:Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA has been detected in breast carcinoma by different laboratorial techniques, suggesting that the virus could play a role in the pathogenesis of this tumor.Materials and Methods:It was a descriptive study. Systematic random sampling was used for selecting 55 cases of breast cancer and 51 controls of benign breast lesions from the file of Seyedshohada hospital of Isfahan since 2005-2009. A total of 106 paraffin-embedded specimens were selected and HPV DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for different types of HPV in case of positivity for HPV DNA. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistic, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests.Results:Out of 55 malignant and 51 benign breast specimens, 18.2% (10) and 13.7% (7) were positive to HPV DNA, respectively (P = 0.53); 70% (7) malignant and 43% (3) benign breast specimens were positive to high-risk HPV genotypes. In malignant specimens, the most common high- and low-risk genotypes were HPV-16 (3.6%) and HPV-11 (3.6%), respectively. In benign specimens, the most common high- and low-risk genotypes were HPV-31 (3.9%) and HPV-43 (3.9%), respectively. Among malignant and benign specimens, ductal carcinoma and fibro adenoma were the most common lesions positive to different types of HPV, respectively.Conclusion:This study demonstrated the presence of HPV genome in both malignant and benign tumor tissues in women with breast lesions in Isfahan; therefore, further larger epidemiologic studies need to be analyzed to establish the exact role of this virus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

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The guanine incropped Cu based metal-organic framework (Guanine-Cu-MOF) was synthesized by facile one-step sonochemical method by simply mixing of 4-4, biphenyldicarboxylic, guanine and copper nitrate (Bio-Cu-Hbpdc-Gu). The prepared guanine-MOF was characterized by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The morphology of prepared material was sponge-shaped which it was well documented, together with the presence of existing functional groups. The effect of prepared material on oprD Gene Expression was investigated in Clinical and Standard Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO-1) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of prepared samples against P. aeruginosa strains were determined through the broth micro-dilution method. The expression of oprD gene in strains affected by Cu-Hbpdc-Gu was quantitatively investigated through real-time PCR. MIC of Bio-Cu-Hbpdc-Gu was 400 μg/mL for the standard and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, while, MBC of this compound was 700 μg/mL for standard strain and 800 μg/mL for clinical strains. The highest and the lowest rate of oprD gene expression were found to be 3.6 and 1.1 fold in the strains, respectively.

Background and Purpose The mevalonate pathway is one of the major metabolic pathways that use acetyl-CoA to produce sterols and isoprenoids. These compounds can be effective in the growth and development of tumors. One of the enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway is FDFT1. Different variants of this gene are involved in the risk of suffering various diseases. The present study examined the relationship between FDFT1 rs2645429 polymorphism and the risk of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a population from southern Iran. Method The genotypes of rs2645429 polymorphism of FDFT1 gene were examined in 95 samples: 34 patients with NSCLC and 61 healthy individuals by RFLP method. Results The results of this study indicated that C allele of this polymorphism was effectively associated with the risk of NSCLC in the Iranian population (p value = 0.023; OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.12–6.59) and CC genotype has significant relation with susceptibility to NSCLC (p value = 0.029; OR = 3.02; 95% CI = 1.09–8.39). This polymorphism is located in the promoter region FDFT1 gene, and CC genotype may increase the activity of this promoter. This study also found a significant relationship between C allele and metastatic status. C allele was more common in NSCLC patients. (p = 0.04). Conclusion C allele of FDFT1 rs2645429 polymorphism gene can be a risk factor for NSCLC, whereas T allele probably has a low protective role.