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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the ori^nal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from aity type of computer printer.The quality of this reproductioii is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Hgure3.14 Effect of ambient teniperature on reaction with ultrasound. 154 Afier an extensive analysis of the experimental data obtained ffom the system, it is concluded that the reaction occurs on the solid phase, and that the liquid phase reaction is negligible.Usmg several investigative techniques, the e^qiected effects of ultrasound were observed, such as the degradative effects on particle size leading to increased sur&ce area.More inq)ortantly, some novel findings of the effects of ultrasound on mass transfer parameters are reported. Results cleariy show that ultrasound enhances the intrinsic mass transfer coef&cient as well as the effective diffiisivity of an organic reactant through the ionic lattice of the product layer. In addition, ultrasound also induces siqiersaturation of Dissertation OrganizationOiapter 2 is a con:q)rehensive review of ^^t is available in the literature potaining to the use of ultrasound in organic synthesis. The latter sections of the review contain information concerning scale-iq> and design of sonochemical reactors.Chapter 3 contains the initial investigations and e>q)erimental data obtained for a model solid-liqmd reaction, the ^thesis of dibenzyl sulfide from ben;^l chloride and sodium sulfide, xising a variety of rate enhancement techniques, mchiding microphases, phase transfer catatysis 2 and ultrasound. The objective of the paper was to investigate the individual and combined effects of these rate enhancement techniques. After this work was con^leted, the research path bifiircated from, the study of phase transfer catafysis and microphases and focused solely on the use of ultrasound.Chapter 4 is a detailed investigation, including a co...