Comparison of the effects of ultrasound and mechanical agitation on a reacting solid-liquid system

Hagenson, Leigh Christine; Doraiswamy, L. K.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(97)00193-0

Cited by 223 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When Hagenson and Doraiswamy (1997) used Equation (IS) to estimate the power dissipated in their reaction system, th^ found it to be inadequate. It predicted that only 33% of the power delivered by the transducer was diss^ated as heat, which would indicate that the other 67% of the power was lost in the transfer process, or by other mieans.…”

Section: B Acoustic Power Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum size of particle obtained appears to dqiend upon the characteristics of the inorganic solid, the solvent, and the intensity of ultrasound in the system. (Hagenson and Doraiswamy, 1997).…”

Section: B Liquid-solid Systansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ih several reaction systems, ultrasoimd does not affect the crystalline structure of solids present in the system (see, e.g., Ando et al^ 1985;Hagenson and Doraiswamy, 1997), but it does affect the crystal formation of reaction products. In the presence of ultrasound an amorphous phase of palladium was synthesized by sonicating a mixture of palladium acetylactonate and toluene (Diodati et al, 1997).…”

Section: 4^ Effects On Chemical Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, ultrasound enhances the reaction even fiirther through medianical ^ects such as particle size degradation, \^Mch increases the sur&ce area available for reaction, and the ^dlitation of mass transfer through the solid-liquid fifan (Hagenson and Doraiswamy, 1997).…”

Section: Medicinal Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.8.1 film transfer Hagenson and Doraiswamy (1997) foimd that ultrasoimd significant^ increased the intrinsic mass transfer coefficient and the effective diffiistvity in a solid-liquid system When mvestigating the synthesis of diben;^! sulfide from sparing)^ soluble sodium sulfide and benzyl chloride in the solvent acetonitrile, th^ found that the reaction kinetics were adequately described using the sharp-inter&ce model (SIM) which is based on the conversion of the solid reactant A.…”

Section: Mass Transfer Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonochemical reactions: mass transfer and kinetic studies of a solid-liquid system

Hagenson

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the ori^nal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from aity type of computer printer.The quality of this reproductioii is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Hgure3.14 Effect of ambient teniperature on reaction with ultrasound. 154 Afier an extensive analysis of the experimental data obtained ffom the system, it is concluded that the reaction occurs on the solid phase, and that the liquid phase reaction is negligible.Usmg several investigative techniques, the e^qiected effects of ultrasound were observed, such as the degradative effects on particle size leading to increased sur&ce area.More inq)ortantly, some novel findings of the effects of ultrasound on mass transfer parameters are reported. Results cleariy show that ultrasound enhances the intrinsic mass transfer coef&cient as well as the effective diffiisivity of an organic reactant through the ionic lattice of the product layer. In addition, ultrasound also induces siqiersaturation of Dissertation OrganizationOiapter 2 is a con:q)rehensive review of ^^t is available in the literature potaining to the use of ultrasound in organic synthesis. The latter sections of the review contain information concerning scale-iq> and design of sonochemical reactors.Chapter 3 contains the initial investigations and e>q)erimental data obtained for a model solid-liqmd reaction, the ^thesis of dibenzyl sulfide from ben;^l chloride and sodium sulfide, xising a variety of rate enhancement techniques, mchiding microphases, phase transfer catatysis 2 and ultrasound. The objective of the paper was to investigate the individual and combined effects of these rate enhancement techniques. After this work was con^leted, the research path bifiircated from, the study of phase transfer catafysis and microphases and focused solely on the use of ultrasound.Chapter 4 is a detailed investigation, including a co...

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Section: B Acoustic Power Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Liquid-solid Systansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4^ Effects On Chemical Bondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medicinal Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Transfer Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonochemical reactions: mass transfer and kinetic studies of a solid-liquid system

Hagenson

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Effects of axial circulation and dispersion geometry on the scale‐up of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides

Alzorqi

Manickam

2015

AIChE Journal

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The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides (PS) from Ganoderma lucidum, was subjected to a scale-up study. 0.25 L extractor was used to optimize the extraction conditions toward maximum yield of PS. The extracted PS was observed to be reduced by increasing the scale from 1 to 6 L. To intensify the extraction, axial circulation at different stirring rates was induced and optimized in a 3 L U-tube extractor. Although circulation at 300 rpm improved the yield of PS for 3 L, introducing dispersion geometry (conical funnel) and adjusting the radiation distance in a 6 L U-tube extractor further intensified the extraction efficiency. A radiation distance of 4 cm and circulation induced using 600 rpm enhanced the PS as compared to the conventional 6 L extractor. Overall, the scale-up from 0.25 to 6 L was successful and introducing circulation and dispersion geometry intensified the extraction efficiency under similar dissipation of ultrasonic power.

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Degradation of carbon tetrachloride using ultrasound‐assisted nanoscaled zero‐valent iron particles@sulfur/nitrogen dual‐doped reduced graphene oxide composite: Kinetics, activation energy, effects of reaction conditions and degradation mechanism

Meng

Wang

2019

Applied Organom Chemis

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We report a study of the synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles stabilized by sulfur/nitrogen dual-doped reduced graphene oxide (i.e. nZVI@SN-rGO) and their applications as major reactants for the dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by combining sonolysis with consideration of several operation parameters such as pH, temperature, catalyst dosage, as well as in the presence of common inorganic anions. The experimental results showed that the modified technology could remain effective for up to 180 min of reaction time under optimal conditions. Especially, there was no significant reduction in the removal efficiency toward CT even after five cycles, which was indicative of good stability. A study of the effects of common inorganic anions revealed that the presence of Clˉand HCO 3ˉe xhibited different positive effects in the following order: Clˉ> HCO 3ˉ; NO 3ˉa nd SO 4 2ˉs howed inhibition effects on CT removal. The structure and properties of nZVI@SN-rGO were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, surface area analysis, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the corresponding activation energy was approximately 31.04 kJ mol −1 , suggesting that the surface chemical reaction rather than diffusion was the ratelimiting step in the CT decomposition process. More importantly, the possible reaction mechanism and dechlorination pathway of CT using the ultrasoundassisted nZVI@SN-rGO system were also investigated.

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Comparison of the effects of ultrasound and mechanical agitation on a reacting solid-liquid system

Cited by 223 publications

References 25 publications

Sonochemical reactions: mass transfer and kinetic studies of a solid-liquid system

Sonochemical reactions: mass transfer and kinetic studies of a solid-liquid system

Effects of axial circulation and dispersion geometry on the scale‐up of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride using ultrasound‐assisted nanoscaled zero‐valent iron particles@sulfur/nitrogen dual‐doped reduced graphene oxide composite: Kinetics, activation energy, effects of reaction conditions and degradation mechanism

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