RESUMO -Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da proporção crescente de ácidos orgânicos na dieta sobre o desempenho e a incidência de diarréia em leitões no período de 21 a 49 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de uma dieta basal e três dietas suplementadas com 0,78; 0,84; e 0,90% (21 a Effects of feeding organic acids for piglets from 21 to 49 days oldABSTRACT -The effects of feeding increasing dietary organic acids on performance and diahrrea incidencefor piglets from 21 to 49 days old were evaluated. The treatments were constituted of a basal diet and three groups supplemented with 0.78, 0.84 and 0.90% of organic acids in the 21 to 35 days period and 0.59, 0.63 and 0.66% in the 36 to 49 days period, basedoin lactic acid. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed:gain ratio (F/G) and diarrhea scores were evaluated. The ADFI and the ADWG did not differ among the organic acids proportions in the evaluated periods. The FCR of piglets fed diet with 0.84% of organic acids was better than those fed basal and 0.90% diets, in the 21 to 35 days period.The piglets fed diet with 0.84% of organic acids showed lower diarrhea score than those fed 0.9 %. Blood samples were collected to dose lactic acid concentration in plasma of piglets at 35 days old. The plasma lactic acid concentration of the animals fed diet with 0.90% of acid increased 60.61% in relation to the basal diet. Bacterias were isolated from animals feces to microorganisms identification. The 0.84 and 0.63% organic acids proportion, in the period form 21 to 35 days and from 36 to 49 days old, respectively, were more efficient considering that the E. coli a-hemolytic and Streptococcus sp bacterias was not isolated. The 0.84% organic acids level in the piglet diets provide better F/G in the period from 21 to 35 days old and better diarrhea score and E. coli a-hemolytic and Streptococcus sp control supplementing 0.84% of acids in the period from 21 to 35 days old and 0.63% from 36 to 49 days.
1 Parte da dissertação apresentada pelo primeiro autor à UFV para obtenção do título de "Magister Scientiae". Projeto financiado pela FAPEMIG. 2 Mestre em Zootecnia -Departamento de Zootecnia, UFV -36571-000 -Viçosa, MG. E.mail: mauricio.sthel@gruposerrana.com.br 3 Professor -Departamento de Zootecnia, UFV -36571-000 -Viçosa, MG. Bolsista CNPq. E.mail: pcgomes@ufv.br 4 Estudante de Mestrado do curso de Zootecnia, DZO, UFV -36571-000 -Viçosa, MG. RESUMO -Com o objetivo de determinar as exigências de sódio para frangos de corte durante as fases de crescimento e final, foram utilizados, respectivamente, 720 e 600 frangos, machos e fêmeas, nos períodos de 22 a 42 e de 43 a 53 dias de idade, submetidos a uma dieta basal (3.100 e 3.210 kcal EM/kg e 19,6 e 18,6% de PB) deficiente em sódio (0,017%), suplementada com NaCl, correspondente aos níveis 0,077; 0,137; 0,197; 0,257 e 0,317% de sódio total. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 5x2 (níveis x sexo), com quatro repetições de 18 e 15 aves, respectivamente, por unidade experimental. No final de cada fase, foram avaliados ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA), pesos absoluto (PAA) e relativo (PRA) de adrenal, rendimento (RC) e matéria seca de carcaça (MS) e umidade de cama (de 1 a 53 dias), com as exigências estimadas por meio do modelo de regressão polinomial. Em ambos os sexos, os níveis de sódio influenciaram GP, CA e umidade da cama, não ocorrendo efeito significativo sobre os demais parâmetros. Com base nas características de desempenho, as exigências recomendadas de sódio para a fase de crescimento, estimadas pelo modelo de regressão polinomial, respeitando-se a interpretação biológica, foram de 0,197% para os machos e, ao menos, de 0,317% para as fêmeas, enquanto para a fase final foram de 0,216 e 0,245%, respectivamente. Exigência de Sódio paraPalavras-chave: carcaça, exigências nutricionais, frango de corte, sal, sódio, umidade de cama Sodium Requirement for Broilers in the Growing (from 22 to 42 Days) and Finishing (from 43 to 53 Days) PhasesABSTRACT -Seven hundred and twenty and six hundred chicks, males and females, from 22 to 42 and from 43 to 53 days old, respectively, fed a basal diet (3100 and 3210 kcal ME/kg and 19.6 and 18.6% CP) deficient in sodium (0.017%), supplemented with NaCl, corresponding to the levels of . 077, .137, .197, .257 and .317% of total sodium were used to determine the sodium requirements for broilers during the growing and final phases. A completely randomized design, in a 5x2 (levels x sex) factorial arrangement, with four replicates of 18 and 15 chicks, respectively, per experimental unit, was used. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed:gain ratio (F/G), adrenal absolute (AAW) and relative (ARW) weights, carcass yield (CY) and dry matter in the carcass (DM) and litter moisture (from 1 to 53 days old) were evaluated at the end of each phase, and the requirements were estimated by means of the polynomial regression model. WG, F/G and litter moisture were ...
RESUMO -Cinqüenta e seis leitões (peso médio inicial de 28,47 kg) foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (níveis de substituição do fosfato bicálcico x sexo), com quatro repetições para machos e três para fêmeas e dois animais/baia, para avaliar os efeitos da substituição do fosfato bicálcico pelo fosfato monobicálcico sobre o desempenho e os parâmetros sangüíneos e ósseos de suínos alimentados nas fases de crescimento (30 a 60 kg de peso) e terminação (60 a 90 kg de peso). As dietas experimentais, à base de milho e farelo de soja e P suplementado com a substituição de 33,33%, 66,67% e 100% do fosfato bicálcico (FBC) pelo monobicálcico (MBC), foram formuladas com base nos valores de fósforo total, ou seja, isofosfóricas (0,56% e 0,42% nas fases de crescimento e terminação, respectivamente). Os níveis de substituição do FBC pelo MBC não influenciaram o desempenho, os pesos absoluto e relativo dos rins e do fígado, o rendimento de carcaça e os parâmetros sangüíneos dos suínos. Entretanto, observou-se diminuição linear nos teores de cinza, de fósforo e de cálcio dos ossos e aumento linear na espessura da camada compacta e na relação camada compacta/periósteo dos ossos com a substituição do FBC pelo MBC. A substituição total e/ou parcial do fosfato bicálcico pelo monobicálcico não influenciou o desempenho dos suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação.Palavras-chave: flúor, histologia osso, nutrição, resistência, soro sangüíneo Levels of Substitution of Phosphate Dicalcium by Monodicalcium in the Diets of Swine in the Growing and Finishing PhasesABSTRACT -Fifty-six pigs (average initial weight of 28.47 kg) were assigned to a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 (levels of dicalcium phosphate substitution x sex) with four repplicates for males and three for females, with two animals per experimental unit, to evaluate the effects of replacement levels of phosphate dicalcium by phosphate monodicalcium on the performance, blood and bone parameters of swine fed during the growing (30 to 60 kg) and finishing (60 to 90 kg) phases. Corn and soybean meal based -diets with phosphorus supplemented with replacement levels of 33.33, 66.67 and 100% of phosphate dicalcium (FBC) by monodicalcium (MBC) were formulated based on the values of total phosphorus, i.e., isophosphoric (0.56 and 0.42% in the growth and finishing phases, respectively). The levels of substitution of FBC for MBC did not influence the performance, absolute and relative weight of the kidneys and liver, carcass yield and blood parameters. However, a linear decrease was observed in the ash, phosphorus and calcium contents of the bones and a lineal increase in the thickness of the compact layer and in the layer compact/periosteal relationship of the bones with the substitution of FBC by MBC. It was conclude that during the growth and finishing phases the total and/or partial substitution of phosphate dicalcium by monodicalcium does not influence the performance of the animals.Key Words...
RESUMO -Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira da proteína e dos aminoácidos digestíveis de um extrato protéico de levedura utilizando-se duas técnicas -dieta isenta de proteína (DIP) e dieta com caseína hidrolisada enzimaticamente (CHE) -para determinação das perdas endógenas de proteína, aminoácidos e nitrogênio. Foram utilizados 12 suínos mestiços, machos castrados, com peso médio de 35 kg, submetidos previamente a cirurgia para implantação da cânula T simples. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (dieta com CHE; dieta isenta de proteína (DIP); e dieta com 23% do extrato protéico de levedura -ingrediente teste), quatro repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. As perdas endógenas de ácido glutâmico, ácido aspártico, lisina, arginina e serina diferiram entre as dietas; os maiores valores foram obtidos nos animais que receberam a dieta com CHE. O maior valor de perda endógena do aminoácido glicina foi determinado nos animais alimentados com a dieta DIP.Os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira de metionina, treonina, triptofano e serina determinados pelas perdas endógenas utilizando-se a dieta CHE foram superiores àqueles determinados utilizando a dieta DIP. As quantidades das secreções protéicas e de aminoácidos obtidas pela técnica da CHE foram maiores que as determinadas pela técnica da DIP.Os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira da proteína foram menores e os dos aminoácidos, maiores, quando determinados pela técnica CHE.Palavras-chave: aminoácidos digestíveis, dieta isenta de proteína, suínos machos castrados Use of different techniques to determine endogenous losses and ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids for swine ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to determine the true ileal digestibility coefficients of the protein and digestible amino acid of a yeast protein extract using two techniques -diet without protein (DIP) and diet with enzimehydrolysed casein (CHE) -for the determination of protein amino acid and nitrogen losses. Twelve half-breed barrows were used, with average weight of 35 kg, previously submitted to a surgery for "T" simple cannula implantation. A completely randomized experimental design with three treatments, four replications and one animal per experimental unit was used. The treatments diets with CHE, DIP diet with 23% CP were constituted by yeast protein extract. Endogenous losses of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and serine differ among diets, the higher values were observed for animals consumed CHE diet. The higher endogenous losses values observed for glycine was determined in the animals fed DIP diet. The true ileal digestibility coefficients of methionine, threonine, tryptophan and serine determined with the endogenous losses using CHE diet were higher than those determined using DIP diet. The amounts of protein and amino acids secretions obtained by using CHE technique were higher than those obtained by the DIP technique. True prot...
The off-line front-end apparatus of the Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) project, developed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) in Italy, involves a number of subsystems and procedures that are potentially dangerous for both human operators and equipments. Among the most potentially dangerous systems are: the high voltage power supply, the ion source complex power supplies, the target chamber handling mechanisms and the laser source. In order to prevent possible injuries to the operators and damages to the equipments, a safety interlock system and logic monitoring have been developed, tested and are now in operation. The solution is based on Schneider Electrics Preventa family safety modules with capability to control the power supplied to critical subsystems in conjunction with safety detectors for critical variable monitoring. Moreover, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), model BMXP342020 from the Schneider Electrics Modicon M340 family, is used to monitor the status of the system as well as to control the sequence of preestablished operations. With the aim to have a user friendly system, a Human Machine Interface (HMI) have been developed using a touch screen model XBTGT5330 from the Schneider Electrics Magelis family, driven by the PLC.
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