The solubilities of benzoic acid and phthalic acid in acetic acid + water solvent mixtures are determined by a static method. The experimental temperature ranges from (298.3 to 367.9) K, and the mass fraction of acetic acid in the solvent mixtures ranges from 0.8 to 1.0. The experimental results show that, within the temperature range of the measurements, the solubility of benzoic acid and phthalic acid in all the mixtures shows an increasing trend as the temperature increases. The solubility of benzoic acid decreases with increasing mass fraction of water. For the solubility of phthalic acid in acetic acid + water within the solvent composition range of the measurements, below 325.2 K, the higher the mass fraction of water, the less the solubility. However, above 325.2 K the higher the mass fraction of water, the greater the solubility. A simple explanation was given for this "maximum-solubility effect". The experimental data was correlated by the Non-Random Two Liquids (NRTL) activity coefficient model, and the model parameters were regressed.

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of sustainable materials. Along this line, developing biodegradable or recyclable soft electronics is challenging yet important due to their versatile applications in biomedical devices, soft robots, and wearables. Although some degradable bulk hydrogels are directly used as the soft electronics, the sensing performances are usually limited due to the absence of distributed conducting circuits. Here, sustainable hydrogel‐based soft electronics (HSE) are reported that integrate sensing elements and patterned liquid metal (LM) in the gelatin–alginate hybrid hydrogel. The biopolymer hydrogel is transparent, robust, resilient, and recyclable. The HSE is multifunctional; it can sense strain, temperature, heart rate (electrocardiogram), and pH. The strain sensing is sufficiently sensitive to detect a human pulse. In addition, the device serves as a model system for iontophoretic drug delivery by using patterned LM as the soft conductor and electrode. Noncontact detection of nearby objects is also achieved based on electrostatic‐field‐induced voltage. The LM and biopolymer hydrogel are healable, recyclable, and degradable, favoring sustainable applications and reconstruction of the device with new functions. Such HSE with multiple functions and favorable attributes should open opportunities in next‐generation electronic skins and hydrogel machines.

The Ordos Basin, the second largest sedimentary basin in China, contains the broad distribution of natural gas types. So far, several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin, each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves, and several gas pools have also been discovered in the Mesozoic. This paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs, and then discussed their origin. For hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic, the elevated δ 13 C values of methane, ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases; the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different maturity. In the Lower Paleozoic, the δ 13 C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic, but the δ 13 C 2 and δ 13 C 3 values are slightly lighter, suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type gases. There are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes, especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane (i.e. δ 13 C 1 >δ 13 C 2 ), inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type gases. In the Mesozoic, the δ 13 C values for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12 C, indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources; the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different maturity. In contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases, the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane, which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types.Finally, according to δ 13 C 1 -R o relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents, the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source, bycontrast, the Upper Paleozoic source as a main gas source is contributed to the Lower Paleozoic gases.Ordos Basin, natural gas, chemical composition, carbon isotope, genesisThe Ordos Basin, located in the middle of China, is the second largest sedimentary basin and one of the most tectonically stable basins in China [1] . Several giant gas fields, each containing over 1000×10 8 m 3 (bcm) of proven gas reserves, have been discovered in this basin, e.g. Sulige gas field as the largest gas field in China.The natural gas in the Ordos Basin is characterized by widespread, various types and multiple preservation, so that many scientists have carried on much research into gas sources, gas types and regional distribution. But

Power spectrums of acoustic emission (AE) on the walls of fluidized beds were calculated, to investigate the particle movement in the bed. It is determined that the main frequency of the AE power spectrum can be related to the average Landau−Lifshitz collision time of particles impacting on the walls of the bed. A frequency model was proposed to examine the effect of superficial velocity, the size and density of particles, and the elastic modulus of the materials. The influence of chunk formation on the structure of AE power spectrum was shown to be significant. A very good agreement of frequency was observed between the AE measurement and the model prediction in a fluidized bed both for cold mode in laboratory scale and hot mode in plant scale. The AE spectrum can be used to monitor the particle average size and chunk formation successfully.