Oregano essential oil (OEO) is an effective natural antibacterial agent, but its antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect and germicidal activity of OEO on V. vulnificus and its possible inhibition mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of OEO against four V. vulnificus strains (ATCC 27562 and three isolates from seafoods) were from 0.06 to 0.15 μL/mL. Compared with untreated bacteria, OEO reduced the concentration of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hyperpolarized the cell membrane, increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the concentration of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), but there was no obvious DNA damage at the OEO test concentration. It was indicated that OEO inactivated V. vulnificus by generating ROS which caused lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, thereby reducing the permeability and integrity of cell membranes and causing morphological changes to cells, but there was no obvious damage to DNA. In addition, OEO could effectively kill V. vulnificus in oysters at 25 °C, and the number of bacteria decreased by 48.2% after 0.09% OEO treatment for 10 h. The good inhibitory effect and bactericidal activity of OEO showed in this study, and the economy and security of OEO make it possible to apply OEO to control V. vulnificus contamination in oysters and other seafoods.
This
work aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and underlying
mechanism of whole grain proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.; WPM) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results showed that
WPM supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG)
and serum lipid levels in T2DM mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)
combined with streptozotocin (STZ), with improved glucose tolerance,
liver and kidney injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, WPM
significantly inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related
genes G6pase, Pepck, Foxo1, and Pgc
-1α. Further study
by miRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that WPM supplementation
mainly altered the liver miRNA expression profile of T2DM mice by
increasing the expression of miR-144–3p_R-1 and miR-423–5p,
reducing the expression of miR-22–5p_R-1 and miR-30a-3p. GO
and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of these miRNAs were
mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. WPM supplementation
significantly increased the level of PI3K, p-AKT, and GSK3β
in the liver of T2DM mice. Taken together, WPM exerts antidiabetic
effects by improving the miRNA profile and activating the PI3K/AKT
signaling pathway to inhibit gluconeogenesis. This study implies that
PM can act as a dietary supplement to attenuate T2DM.
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