This
work aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and underlying
mechanism of whole grain proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.; WPM) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results showed that
WPM supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG)
and serum lipid levels in T2DM mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)
combined with streptozotocin (STZ), with improved glucose tolerance,
liver and kidney injury, and insulin resistance. In addition, WPM
significantly inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related
genes G6pase, Pepck, Foxo1, and Pgc
-1α. Further study
by miRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that WPM supplementation
mainly altered the liver miRNA expression profile of T2DM mice by
increasing the expression of miR-144–3p_R-1 and miR-423–5p,
reducing the expression of miR-22–5p_R-1 and miR-30a-3p. GO
and KEGG analyses showed that the target genes of these miRNAs were
mainly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. WPM supplementation
significantly increased the level of PI3K, p-AKT, and GSK3β
in the liver of T2DM mice. Taken together, WPM exerts antidiabetic
effects by improving the miRNA profile and activating the PI3K/AKT
signaling pathway to inhibit gluconeogenesis. This study implies that
PM can act as a dietary supplement to attenuate T2DM.
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