Recent studies show that dysregulated miRNAs play an important role in breast cancer initiation and progression. Here, we identified upregulated expression of miR-1307-3p in breast cancer tissues and that increased level of miR-1307-3p was closely correlated with lower survival rate in breast cancer patients. Consistent with clinical data, our in vitro data show that expression level of miR-1307-3p was significantly increased in breast cancer cell lines compared to human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A. Overexpression of miR-1307-3p in MCF10A stimulated cell proliferation and caused their growth in soft agar and tumor formation in nude mice. In contrast, inhibition of miR-1307-3p suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and their growth in soft agar and inhibited tumor formation in nude mice. Further, we identified that miR-1307-3p plays its oncogenic role through targeting SET and MYND domain-containing 4 (SMYD4) expression in breast cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-1307-3p is a oncogenic miRNA that significantly contributes to breast cancer development and progression, and inhibition of miR-1307-3p may be a novel strategy for inhibits breast cancer initiation and progression.
Diagnosis of early paragonimiasis is difficult because parasitological evidence is not easily obtained. Antibody tests have been proposed as a good substitute for classical diagnostic techniques. Using the crude extracts of Paragonimus westermani eggs, metacercariae, 4- and 7-week juveniles, and 16-week adults as antigens, we observed the early antibody responses. Sera were obtained from 4 experimental cats, fed 50 metacercariae each, at intervals until 13 weeks post-infection. Antibody (IgG) responses were identified by ELISA using extracts of 4-week juveniles, followed by those of 7- and 16-week worms. Antibody responses were minimal against the metacercarial extracts. Antibodies to P. westermani egg extracts were elevated after 10 weeks post-infection. In immunoblot analysis, more than nine protein bands in 4-week juveniles reacted with the early infection sera. Antigenic proteins in adult worms were different from those of juveniles. After four weeks of infection, 32 and 35 kDa bands in the adult extracts were increasingly reactive. Egg specific proteins at 28, 46 and 94 kDa were reactive only after 10 weeks. Antigenic components reacting to the early infection sera changed during the maturation stages of P. westermani; almost all juvenile antigens were replaced by adult antigen components.
A 31-year old salesman living in Seoul developed suddenly abdominal pain due to intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy exhibited segmental jejunal cellulitis caused by penetrating Anisakis larva. The patient had eaten raw fish. The typical history of intestinal anisakiasis was presented with a short review of Korean patients of anisakiasis.
Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors play an important role in multiple signaling pathways and physiological and pathological processes including apoptosis, proliferation metabolism, immunity, and tumorigenesis. Activation of the FoxO subfamily in cells can upregulate cell-cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and downregulate the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1/2, consequently leading to G1/S arrest of cells. Recently, quercetin has attracted much attention in relation to its anticancer activities in many cancer models, however, molecular mechanisms underlying quercetin-mediated cellular responses remain poorly defined. We have previously observed that apoptosis of breast cancer cells in response to quercetin was mediated by transcriptional activation of Foxo3a. In addition, C-Jun N-treminal kinase (JNK) regulated the activation of FoxO3a, leading to apoptosis. However, early apoptotic cells stained with Annexin V were not enough to illustrate the whole amount of decreased cell viability as detected by MTT assay. To clarify this point, we analyzed changes of their cell cycle after stimulation of 20μM quercetin and detected obvious cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases leading to delay in their progression. Treatment of quercetin resulted in 3 fold induced population of S phase and 2 fold induced population of G2/M phase, along with 35 % reduced population of G1 phase. Using luciferase reporter assay, MDA-MB231 cells treated with quercetin represented highly increased level of p53, p21 and GADD45 signaling activity, which control cell cycle of breast cancer cells. Moreover, reporter activities of p53, p21 and GADD45 were not stimulated when the expression of Foxo3a was abolished using transfection of Foxo3a shRNA. Since the activation of Foxo3a coincided with increased phosphorylation of JNK after treatment of quercetin, signaling pathways for cell cycle were analyzed in the presence of inhibitor for JNK (SP600125). SP600125 reversed the activation of p53, p21 and GADD45 signaling as well as the activation of Foxo3a. Flow cytometry revealed that quercetin-induced cell cycle arrest of MDA-MB231 cells was partially abrogated when cells were treated with SP600125.Taken together, our data show that cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells in response to quercetin is dependent upon Foxo3a activation regulated by JNK, resulting in the activation of p53, p21 and GADD45 signaling pathways. These results suggest that an understanding of precise molecular mechanisms for anti-cancer property of quercetin . Citation Format: Hae-Sung Kim, Ju-Suk Nam, Sang Su Lee, Lee-Su Kim, Byung-Yoon Ryu, Hee-Joon Kang, Byung-Su Choi, Bilguun Ganbold, Yun-Cheol Ko. Foxo3a regulates cell cycle arrest through the regulation of p53, p21 and GADD45 signaling activity in Quercetin-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 564. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-564
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