Using the gyrokinetic formalism, a conductivity tensor operator is constructed for low fmquency perturbations. This operator includes the cold Alfvdn waves as well as kinetic Alfvdn waves. This operator should be appropriate for studies of toroidiciv-induced Alfvdn waves as well as antenna coupling of global Alfvin waves. In pmicular, terms normally missing in the usual magnetohydrodynamic description, as well as terms that are usunlly discarded in descriptions of Alfvdn waye heating, are reWined in this formalism and are identified.
The aim of the present study was to describe the procedure of totally implantable central venous port system (TICVPS) insertion performed at our center and investigate associated complications. The study retrospectively evaluated 827 patients who underwent a single-type TICVPS insertion from January 2013 to July 2015. The length of the procedure, long-term device function, angle (chamber-to-tip) and complications of TICVPS, including infection, skin erosion, occlusion, malposition and thrombosis, were analyzed from the patients' medical records. A total of 843 TICVPS insertions were performed in 827 patients. The TICVPS implantation was successful in all cases (100%). A total of 34 cases (4.0%) with complications were recorded. Complications at the chamber insertion site occurred in 11 patients (1.3%), including 5 infection (0.6%) and 6 erosion cases (0.7%). All patients with chamber insertion site infection were treated by administration of antibiotics and dressing. Of the patients in which chamber insertion site erosion occurred, 2 were subjected to TICVPS removal and reinsertion and 4 were treated with debridement, irrigation and resuture. The most common type of complication was catheter-associated (2.3%; n=19). Among these cases, 7 had catheter-associated infection (0.8%), 8 had catheter migration (1.0%) confirmed by chest radiography, 4 had catheter-associated thrombosis (0.5%) and 2 had chamber malposition (0.3%). The present retrospective study on TICVPS, which used a relatively large cohort, demonstrated a low complication rate (4.0%) compared with that reported in previous studies (5–20%). A well-designed procedure, experienced vascular surgeons, an aseptic operating room environment, ultrasound-guided puncture, a wide angle (chamber-to-tip) and the use of fluoroscopy with contrast agent may reduce the complication rate of TICVPS insertion.
BackgroundMenstrual irregularity is a common major complaint in women of reproductive age. It is also a known marker for underlying insulin resistance. We investigated the association between menstrual irregularity and metabolic syndrome in the general population of middle-aged women in Korea.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. A total of 2,742 subjects were included in the analysis. Participants were divided into two categories based on their menstrual cycle regularity and the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its variables was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsAdjusted analyses revealed significantly higher odds ratios for metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the presence of menstrual irregularity.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome and its components (high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) were significantly associated with menstrual irregularity in women of reproductive age.
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to review the natural history, clinical outcome and safety in patients undergoing sartorius muscle flap (SMF) for groin infection, including lymphocele.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent SMF in a single center between 2000 and 2009.Results:Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female) underwent SMF for groin infection, which included infections of 22 artificial femoral bypass grafts (including 2 cryoveins) and 5 common femoral patch grafts, and 3 lymphocele infections (2 cardiac catheterizations and 1 penile cancer lymph node dissection). Wound isolates were most commonly Gram-positive organisms (n=22) with Gram-negative isolates and mixed infections accounting for 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In 9 patients there was no growth of organisms. Adjunctive wound vacuum-asssisted wound closure therapy was performed in 18 patients. Follow-up duration ranged from 8 days to 56 months (mean 14.1 months) after SMF. Reoperation was performed in 3 patients due to wound bleeding (n=1) and reinfection (n=1). One patient underwent graft excision with external bypass operation. There was 1 mortality case due to sepsis during the study period.Conclusion:We found that muscle flap surgery provides successful single-intervention therapy for groin infections including lymphocele. Graft ligation or aggressive excision with bypass surgery should be reserved for patients requiring rapid control of sepsis for lifesaving.
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