RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o fator de retardamento, coeficiente de dispersão-difusão e curva de efluente dos íons cálcio, magnésio, sódio e potássio das águas residuárias de origem doméstica tratada e de suinocultura, realizou-se um experimento em laboratório com colunas de solos Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo e Neossolo Regolítico. Com o auxílio de frascos de Mariotte cerca de dois volumes de poros de água destilada foram passados nas colunas; em seguida, interligou-se outro frasco contendo as águas residuárias, doméstica e da suinocultura, o que lixiviou 3,75 volume de poros divididos em 25 alíquotas, totalizando 600 amostras. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os fatores de retardamento foram mais altos para o sódio no solo Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo e para o íon magnésio no Neossolo Regolítico, lixiviados com água residuária doméstica tratada. Em referência à água residuária da suinocultura, os maiores valores foram calculados para o íon magnésio, nos dois solos; quanto aos coeficientes de dispersão-difusão, os maiores valores foram registrados no Neossolo Regolítico, independentemente do tipo de água utilizada.Palavras-chave: dinâmica de íons, fator de retardamento, coeficientes de difusão-dispersão Displacement of solutes in soil columns with domestic and swine raising wastewater ABSTRACTWith the objective of evaluating the parameters of transport retardation factor, dispersion-diffusion coefficient and effluent curves of the íons calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, present in domestic and swine raising wastewater, an experiment was conducted in laboratory with columns of Red Yellow Argisol and Regolithic Fluvisol. With the aid of flasks of Mariotte around two pore volumes of distilled water were passed in the columns; soon after, another flask was interconnected containing the wastewaters which leached 3.75 volume of pores divided in 25 aliqnot, totaling 600 samples. The obtained results lead to the conclussion that the retardation factors were higher for the sodium in the Red Yellow Argisol and for the magnesium in Regolithic Fluvisol leached with treated domestic wastewater. In reference to the swine raising wastewater, the largest values were calculated for the ion magnesium, in the two soils; as for the dispersion-diffusion coefficients, the highest values were observed for Regolithic Fluvisol, independent of the type of water.
RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito residual da adubação orgânica com torta de mamona sobre o crescimento, o acúmulo de nitrogênio foliar e a produção de algodoeiro irrigado com efluente de esgoto doméstico tratado. As plantas de algodoeiro foram cultivadas em vasos com material de solo proveniente de plantio anterior com gergelim submetido aos tratamentos que resultaram da combinação fatorial de cinco doses de torta de mamona (0, 2, 3, 4 e 5 t ha -1 ) e duas qualidades de água de irrigação (água de abastecimento e efluente doméstico tratado), com três repetições. Aos 30, 50, 70, 90 e 110 dias após a emergência determinaram-se a altura das plantas, a área foliar total e o teor de nitrogênio nas folhas com auxílio de um medidor portátil de clorofila. A produção da cultura foi avaliada com base no número de capulhos por planta, massa de um capulho, massa de cem sementes, percentual de fibra e sementes e teor de óleo nas sementes. Observou-se efeito residual da torta de mamona aplicada em primeiro ciclo propiciando maior crescimento do algodoeiro cultivado no sistema de sucessão gergelim-algodão. A irrigação com efluente promoveu maior crescimento de plantas, elevação nos teores de nitrogênio foliar e aumento na produção do algodoeiro. Palavras-chave: adubação orgânica, Gossypium hirsutum L., reúso de água, nitrogênioResidual effect of castor cake on growth and yield of cotton irrigated with wastewater ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of organic fertilization with castor cake on growth, leaf nitrogen accumulation and yield of cotton plants irrigated with treated wastewater. Cotton plants were grown in pots with soil from a previous experiment with sesame plants submitted to the treatments which resulted from the factorial combination between five levels of castor cake (0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 t ha -1 ) and two types of irrigation water (potable water and treated wastewater) with three replications. At 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 days after plant emergence, plant height, total leaf area and the nitrogen leaf content using a portable chlorophyll meter were determined. Crop yield was evaluated based on number of bolls per plant, mean weight of bolls, mass of hundred seeds, percentage of fiber and seeds, and oil content in seeds. A residual effect of castor cake levels on growth of cotton plant was observed. Irrigation with wastewater resulted in better plant growth and cotton yield; it also increased nitrogen content in leaf.
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the chemical characteristics of a Haplustalf soil cultivated with cotton. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replicates, and arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial. Five doses of N fertilization (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four sources of irrigation water (freshwater, wastewater treated by an anaerobic reactor, wastewater treated by an anaerobic reactor and post-treated by intermittent sand filter in series, wastewater treated in a septic tank and post-treated by an intermittent sand filter) were tested. Irrigation was daily performed from July 2011 to January 2012 according to the water demand of cotton resulting in a water depth of 620 mm. It was found that, compared with the conventional management with freshwater irrigation, treated wastewater provides greater accumulation of micronutrient, potassium and sodium in the soil, increasing the risk of sodification in irrigated areas.
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