RESUMO.-Propriedades da agricultura familiar tem contribuído para aumentar a produção leiteira, e podem ser considerados importantes para cadeia produtiva do leite. A higiene no processo produtivo deve ser o foco principal para garantir maior produção e qualidade do leite. Monitorou-se a qualidade do leite de vacas, em propriedades da agricultura familiar, no município de Bofete/SP, antes e após a adoção de medidas de controle. Avaliaram-se 21 propriedades, selecionadas por conveniência. Após período inicial de 13 coletas para monitoramento de CCS e CBT, os proprietários dos dois grupos (G1 e G2) receberam orientações técnicas sobre mastite e qualidade do leite, em atividade de dia de campo. Os proprietários do G1 além dessas atividades receberam Family operated dairies have contributed to increase milk production and can be considered important in the milk production chain. Hygiene in the productive process must be the major focus to assure greater milk quality and production. The quality of milk from cows in family farms in the city of Bofete/SP was monitored before and after the establishment of control measures. Twenty-one dairy family farms, selected for convenience, were evaluated. After the initial period of 13 collections for SCC and TBC monitoring, farmers of the two groups (G1 and G2) received technical guidance about mastitis and milk quality during a day of field activity. G1 farmers, besides these activities, received intervention in the adopted management by means of technical visit and individual guidance as to adequate milking manner and hygienic milk production. Then, new fortnight collections (n=12) were performed, as previously, of a set of milk samples from each farm and both groups, as well as from the community tank. Climate variables were considered, such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. There was a variation in the results of each collection for both SCC/mL milk and TBC/mL milk in the two periods. As to SCC in G1, there was a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.02), while for TBC there was a slight increase, rather lower compared to the median value, which was 381x10 3 CFU/mL milk in G2. The median results of SCC/mL milk and TBC/mL milk from the community tank were greater in the two stages (periods), but much superior for TBC. Analysis of the climate variables evidenced an increase in the medians for all three evaluated parameters. The correlation between these variables and milk quality did not show differences for Log 10 of SCC and TBC. It can be concluded that the milking management hygiene was precarious.
A agricultura familiar é caracterizada como agricultura de subsistência e de pequena produção, seguindo alguns critérios como, tipo de exploração, renda e área total utilizada de até quatro módulos fiscais. Este seguimento rural limita a receita financeira anual da unidade familiar, baseado no número de empregados que podem ser contratados para completar a mão-de-obra familiar, que deve ser predominante. Vem se observando um aumento de maior interesse pela atividade, permitindo a manutenção de pequenos produtores nas atividades agrícolas. A grande maioria do processo produtivo na agricultura familiar está relacionada a propriedades normalmente de menor porte e estrutura, com conceitos mais simples. Sob essa ótica, é de suma importância avançar nesse segmento para o estímulo à prática do conceito de “Saúde Única” (One Health), que se relacionam ao ser humano, aos animais e ao meio ambiente, que se interagem, com o objetivo final a saúde coletiva, e a sanidade animal, com o objetivo de controlar a ocorrência de zoonoses importantes como a brucelose, tuberculose, raiva, e leptospirose.
A leptospirose bovina é uma doença cosmopolita provocada por micro- organismos do gênero Leptospira, comprometendo os níveis de produção e produtividade. Possui relevante importância para a saúde pública, principalmente para as pessoas que tem contato com os animais, atividades laborais de maneira geral, bem como magarefes. O objetivo dessa revisão bibliográfica foi avaliar os aspectos etio-epidemiologicos, de diagnóstico e controle dessa zoonose, relevante para a saúde pública e que impacta negativamente a pecuária bovina, principalmente a leiteira. A leptospirose humana encontra-se dentro do contexto one health (saúde única) afetando o animal, o ser humano com a participação do meio ambiente pela manutenção do agente.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It has a worldwide distribution with greater occurrence in tropical and subtropical countries. It is endemic in Brazil. It affects domestic, wild and production animals. The goal of this study was to assess dairy herd productive and reproductive indexes on a monthly basis by serologically monitoring the infection dynamics on two experimental groups: one with animals with negative results at study onset (G-1) and another with animals tested positive for at least one leptospira serovar (G-2). The serum microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was employed. Animals with titer equal to or greater than 100 IU were considered reactive. Animals were evaluated for productive and reproductive indexes based on data provided by the dairy’s IT system. Blood was collected from all animals in both groups once a month for nine months. Analysis showed interference between animals seroreactive to leptospirosis and both milk production and number of pregnancies for G-2 at collection moments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 whereas for G-1 the same indexes showed decrease only in the 5th and 9th study months. The most prevalent serovars were Hardjoprajitino 59.5%, Pyrogenes 21.04%, Pomona 11.07%, Wollfi 11.07%, Hardjo 8.78%, Guaricura 6.55%, Copenhageni 5.09%, Icterohaemorrhagiae 1.11%, and Ctg 0.83%. Serovar Hardjoprajitino showed a relationship with herd milk production decrease.
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