The main purpose of the present study was to calculate the probability—based on a Bayesian approach—to win a medal in the Olympic Games given the athlete is seeded and to verify if the number one ranked athlete has any advantage compared to other seeded athletes concerning his/her chances to be Olympic champion. For this, data from athletes who took part in the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Olympic Games were considered. For males the probability of seeded athletes to win a medal was 41.1% and 42.9%, while for females it was 35.7% and 44.6% at London 2012 and Rio 2016, respectively. Furthermore, the probability of athletes ranked as number one to become Olympic champion among the seeded athletes was 19.5% and 36.8% for males and 32.3% and 36.8% for females in London 2012 and Rio 2016, respectively. Based on these results the cost-benefit of investing human and financial resources to qualify an athletes among the top eight competitors and his/her exposure to competitions—resulting in technical-tactical analysis of the opponent and higher risk of injury—should be carefully analyzed when determining the competition calendar to each athlete.
was told by Inokuma-sensei to foster a scientific eye toward judo". These words of Nobuyuki Sato in his book Best Judo describe the approach applied by him, together with Isao Inokuma, in the newly created Martial Arts Department, focusing on judo, in the victorious Tokai University, in the 1960 decade.Beyond their brilliant careers as athletes (Inokuma was Olympic champion in 1964 and World champion in 1965, whereas Sato was twice World champion, in 1967 and 1973), both were the mentors of that who is considered the most successful judo athlete of all time, Yasuhiro Yamashita. Olympic champion in 1984in , World champion in 1979in , 1981 (in the heavyweight and open categories) and 1983, Yamashita inherited not only part of his teachers' technical prowess, but also the scientific view of sport, giving to physical preparation the due importance it deserves. It is not by chance that in his book The Fighting Spirit of Judo Yamashita exposes his physical training routine and emphasizes the need to study more current methods to improve performance in this aspect.
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