Objective. To describe the prevalence of “active” (self-propelled, human-powered) transportation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region over the past decade. Methods. MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (Embase), SportDiscus, Lilacs, MediCarib, Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, National Transportation Library, and TRIS/TRID were searched for articles on active transportation published between January 2003 and December 2014 with (at least) a title and abstract in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Research was included in the study if the two reviewing authors agreed it 1) was conducted in an adult sample (≥ 18 years old), 2) was designed to be representative of any LAC area, and 3) reported at least one measure of active transportation. Reference lists of included papers and retrieved reviews were also checked. A total of 129 key informants (87 scientific experts and 42 government authorities) were contacted to identify additional candidate publications. Two other authors extracted the data independently. Results. A total of 10 459 unique records were found; the full texts of 143 were reviewed; and a total of 45 studies were included in the study, yielding estimates for 72 LAC settings, most of which were in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. No eligible studies were found for the years 2003–2004, resulting in a 10-year study time frame. Estimates were available for walking, cycling, or the combination of both, with a high degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity index (I2) ≥ 99%). The median prevalence of active transportation (combining walking and cycling) was 12.0%, ranging from 5.1% (in Palmas, Brazil) to 58.9% (in Rio Claro, Brazil). Men cycled more than women in all regions for which information was available. The opposite was true for walking. Conclusions. Prevalence of active transportation in LAC varied widely, with great heterogeneity and uneven distribution of studies across countries, indicating the need for efforts to build comprehensive surveillance systems with standardized, timely, and detailed estimates of active transportation in order to support policy planning and evaluation.

Introdução: Idosos passam a maior parte do dia em comportamento sedentário. Apesar dessa alta exposição, o impacto do comportamento sedentário na saúde dessa população ainda não foi aprofundado. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente as evidências de associação entre o comportamento sedentário e desfechos relacionados à saúde de idosos acima de 60 anos de idade. Métodos: Foram revisadas as bases de dados Medline, Embase, Lillacs, Web of Science, SportsDiscus, PsychInfo, Cinahl e Sedentary Behavior Research Database por estudos observacionais publicados até o mês de maio de 2013, bem como os membros do Sedentary Behaviour Research Network, para identificar artigos potencialmente elegíveis. Após a inclusão, a qualidade metodológica da evidência de cada estudo foi avaliada, utilizando-se o GRADE. Resultados: Foram identificados 23 artigos elegíveis, dos quais apenas 2 (8%) apresentaram alta qualidade de evidência. O tempo gasto em comportamento sedentário foi relacionado a um aumento no risco de mortalidade por todas as causas. Estudos com qualidade moderada de evidências indicaram relação entre o comportamento sedentário e síndrome metabólica, circunferência da cintura e excesso de peso/obesidade. Os resultados de outros desfechos como saúde mental e câncer de rim ainda são insuficientes para conclusões definitivas. Conclusão: Esta revisão sistemática defende a relação entre o comportamento sedentário e aumento da mortalidade em idosos. Futuros estudos com alta qualidade metodológica serão necessários para a verificação de demais desfechos em saúde e para a criação de diretrizes e recomendações sobre comportamento sedentário de idosos. Descritores: Literatura de revisão como assunto; Estilo de vida sedentário; Saúde do idoso; Mortaliadde; Obesidade/epidemiologia; Síndrome X metabólica/epidemiologia; Fatores de risco.

Studies have shown progressive genu varum increase between the childhood and adolescence periods. Variables such as age, weight, vitamin/hormone intake, the environment and soccer training may interfere in the knee alignment. Objective: a) to compare the knee alignment in soccer and non-soccer practitioners, and b) to determine associations between this alignment and anthropometric and neuromotor variables. Methods: The intercondylar (ICD) and intermalleolar (IMD) distances were measured in centimeters in 128 male aged from 14-17 years, soccer practitioners (n=65) and non-practitioners (n=63). The anthropometric variables measured were: body weight and height, whereas the neuromotor variables included agility and speed. Results: Soccer players revealed a greater degree of genu varum (IC) than non-soccer players in all ages, but just in 14, 17 years-old and total group (all ages together) these differences were statistically significant (p< .05). Genu valgum (IM) tended to be less remarkable in soccer players than in non-soccer players in all ages; however, significant differences were observed only in 17 years and total group (p< .05). The IC distances in soccer players correlated (p< .05) with agility (r=.-27), weight (r=.-27); while IM distances correlated (p< .05) with weight (r=.26).Conclusion: Soccer players showed more remarkable genu varum than the non-soccer players. There was a significant association between degrees of varus and valgum with body weight and agility. Such fact deserves further investigation in order to explain this interesting correlation. Present findings support the hypothesis that soccer leads to greater genu varum and/or this sport naturally selects subjects with a certain degree of genu varum.

Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2013. A amostra consistiu em 226 escolares (119 meninos e 107 meninas) com idade entre 10 e 15 anos (12,35±1,33 meninos; 12,02±1,23 meninas). Todos os escolares que participaram da pesquisa pertenciam a duas escolas municipais de Ilhabela, sendo uma de ensino médio e outra de ensino fundamental. As variáveis antropométricas analisadas foram: índice de massa corporal, circunferência de cintura, somatória das sete dobras cutâneas (subescapular, bicipital, tricipital, supra ilíaca, axilar-média, abdominal e panturrilha medial). As variáveis neuromotoras da aptidão física foram: força de membros superiores e inferiores, agilidade e força abdominal. O desempenho acadêmico (satisfatório vs. não satisfatório) foi analisado por meio das disciplinas de matemática, português, leitura e ciências cursadas no primeiro semestre de 2013. A regressão de Poisson foi realizada para analisar a associação entre aptidão física e desempenho acadêmico. O nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. 75,5% dos meninos e 64,8% das meninas tiveram um desempenho satisfatório na disciplina de ciências. Na análise multivariada, ajustada por idade, foi encontrada uma a associação entre a força muscular de membros inferiores e a disciplina de ciências (RP 1,31; IC 95% 1,10-1,59; p<0,01). Nossos resultados corroboram com a literatura atual, indicando uma associação entre um componente da aptidão física (força muscular) e o desempenho escolar (disciplina de ciências) de crianças e adolescentes. Programas de incentivo à prática de atividade física, especialmente na escola, devem ser estimulados a fim de proporcionar os diversos benefícios da atividade física a essa população, como por exemplo, a possível melhora no desempenho escolar.

The authors would like to include the funding note here which was found missing in the original publication.

LEANDRO FÓRNIAS MACHADO DE REZENDEAtividade física e câncer: evidências epidemiológicas e perspectivas para prevenção do câncer no Brasil DEDICATÓRIA À minha família AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador, José Eluf Neto, pela confiança, dedicação e incentivo.Aos meus queridos pais, pelo amor, pelos valores e ensinamentos preciosos e as oportunidades proporcionadas.Ao meu irmão, Guilherme, meu orgulho e admiração. À Ju, pelo amor, parceria e por estar sempre ao meu lado, mesmo quando a distância se fez presente.Ao Ringo, pelo amor incondicional e os lambeijos, todos os dias.Aos professores Alicia Matijasevich Manitto, Victor Wünsch Filho e Moyses Szklo, pelas preciosas contribuições no exame de qualificação de doutorado.Aos amigos/co-orientadores/conselheiros

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge in Brazil. The country holds one of the highest rates of femicide in the world, most of which are preceded by IPV. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 34,334 women, aged 18 to 59 years, from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its subtypes among the Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months, encompassing their health consequences and the use of health services resulting from IPV. We also used logistic regression models to estimate the association of sociodemographic characteristics and self-perceived health status with IPV. The prevalence of IPV among Brazilian adult women in the last 12 months was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [7.0, 8.2]). Women aged 18 to 39 years, not married, and with income of up to 1 minimum wage (MW), had higher odds of suffering IPV. Among those who reported health consequences due to IPV, 69% reported psychological consequences, and 13.9% sought health care, mostly in primary or secondary health care services in the Brazilian Unified Health System (41.9%). Regarding the self-perceived health variables, women who reported eating problems (odds ratio [OR]  =  1.29; [1.01, 1.65]), lack of interest/absence of pleasure (OR  =  1.41; [1.11, 1.79]), depressive feelings (OR  =  1.39; [1.03, 1.88]), feeling of failure (OR = 1.75; [1.36, 2.24]), and suicidal thoughts (OR = 1.73; [1.25, 2.41]) had greater odds of reporting IPV compared to those who did not report these same perceptions. The results show that younger, divorced or single, low-income women with eating problems and mental health disorders were more likely to suffer IPV. IPV often led to health problems, and many abused women sought support from public health services. Health professionals must be trained to identify and care for these women, thereby acting as allies in preventing and reducing IPV.

e18785 Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted health care systems worldwide. In Brazil, the disease had its first case in the city of São Paulo, thus being the starting point and epicenter of this disease in Latin America. Neurological features are currently well recognized in COVID-19 indicating the neurotropic nature of the virus and include anosmia, myalgia, myositis, encephalitis, meningitis, cerebrovascular disease, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and post-infectious myelitis. CNS tumors though relatively rare (> 2% of all cancers) are a relevant source of cancer-related morbi-mortality worldwide. Although studies have reported higher COVID-19 severity in cancer patients, the consequences of the pandemic on health care for CNS tumors remain inconclusive and will probably be felt for decades. This study aimed to determine the impact of pandemic on the hospital admissions (HA) due to CNS tumors in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the HAs due to CNS tumors in the city of São Paulo comparing the outbreak period (January-June 2020) and a pre-pandemic corresponding period of the years 2017-2019. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System - Hospital Information System database according to the chapter II of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision (ICD-10). Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the incidence of HAs and time (months). Results: A significant reduction in HAs due to CNS tumors was observed during the outbreak period (January-June 2020). Benign neoplasm of brain and other parts of CNS (-2, CI -2 to -1) and malignant neoplasm of brain (-5, CI -7 to -3) showed to be remarkably affected (see table). To our knowledge, this is the first scientific report of significant reduction of HAs due to CNS tumors during COVID-19 era. Conclusions: Our findings seem to be associated to delayed oncological diagnose and care to CNS tumor patients during the lockdown and health system collapse. A rebound help-seeking effect as well as more severe complications may present in the post‐pandemic. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic in CNS neoplasms in order to strategically corroborate public health actions for short- and long-term implications of COVID-19 pandemic. [Table: see text]