Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are an important cause of mortality from cancer. Epidemiological data on neoplams affecting the CNS are scarce in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region. The study aims at describing the histopathological profile of CNS tumours cases at a high-complexity referral cancer center. This study has described a 17-year-series profile of CNS tumours, registered at a high-complexity referral cancer center in Pará state, from January 1997 until July 2014 in the Brazilian Amazon Region. Data was gathered from histopathology reports kept in the hospital’s cancer registry and 949 cases of CNS tumours were analyzed. The most common histopathology were neuroepithelial tumours (approx. 40%) and meningioma was the most frequent especific tumor histologic subtype (22.2%). Neuroepithelial tumours were more frequent in patients with ages ranging from less than a year to 19 years, whereas metastatic tumours were prevalent in patients over 40 years of age. It was not found temporal trends during the studied period. The knowledge of these tumours profile is valuable for the understanding of cancer epidemiology in the region, since its prevalence is currently underreported and more awareness on the disease is needed.
However, the overall association of the COVID-19 pandemic with hospital admissions for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low-and middle-income countries is still unclear. We assessed the number of hospital admissions for neoplasms, metabolic diseases, CVDs, and musculoskeletal diseases in São Paulo, Brazil, between January and June 2020 compared with the corresponding periods in the previous 3 years. Methods In this cross-sectional study, hospital admissions for NCDs were obtained from the Hospital Information System, a publicly available official database of hospital admissions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde). The number of hospital admissions for neoplasms (C00-D48), metabolic diseases (E00-E90), CVDs (I00-I99), and musculoskeletal diseases (M00-M99), according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, was collected from January to June of each year from 2017 to 2020. Data were collected by 2 of the authors, and any incompatibility led to a new collection of data. Because the study used secondary data, ethical approval and informed consent were not required according to resolution 510 of the Brazilian National Health Council. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline. Linear regression was used to describe the changes in hospital admissions throughout the selected months for each year. We also compared the number of hospital admissions in June 2020 vs January 2020 (before the first case of COVID-19 was reported in São Paulo on February 26, 2020). Statistical significance was set at 2-tailed P < .05, and data analysis was performed using Stata, version 11.0 (StataCorp LLC). Results The number of hospital admissions for NCDs between January and June was stable from 2017 to 2019. However, we observed a decrease in the absolute numbers of hospital admissions for NCDs between January and June 2020, with mean reductions in hospital admissions per month of 505 (95% CI, 126-884) for CVDs, 332 (95% CI, 95-569) for neoplasms, 136 (95% CI, 46-227) for musculoskeletal diseases, and 76 (95% CI, 1-151) for metabolic diseases (Table). During June 2020 compared with January 2020, there was a decrease of 543 hospital admissions (68%) for musculoskeletal diseases, 332 admissions (44%) for metabolic diseases, 2129 admissions (38%) for CVDs, and 1454 admissions (35%) for neoplasms (Figure). Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article.
Introduction Acute myeloid leukaemia is the most common type of acute leukaemia in the world. Thus, the study of genetic alterations, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), has contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying leukaemogenesis, to improve the prognosis and to increase the survival of these patients. However, there is no synthesis of evidence in the literature evaluating the quality of evidence and the risk of bias in the studies such that the results can be translated. Thus, this systematic review protocol aims to assess the impact of SNPs on genes involved in the metabolism of cytarabine and anthracyclines with respect to survival, treatment response and toxicity in patients with AML. Methods This systematic review protocol is based on PRISMA guidelines and includes searches in six electronic databases, contact with authors, repositories of clinical trials, and cancer research. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals will be included if they meet the eligibility criteria: (a) samples composed of individuals of any age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of AML, regardless of the time of diagnosis of disease; (b) participants who have undergone or are undergoing cytarabine- and anthracycline-associated chemotherapy or cytarabine-only chemotherapy; and (c) in vivo studies. Studies that include patients with promyelocytic leukaemia (Fab type 3) will be excluded because this disease has different treatment. The process of study selection, data extraction, and evaluation/synthesis will be performed in duplicate. Assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias will be performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized clinical studies and the Downs-Black Checklist for cohort and case-control studies. The synthesis of evidence will include the level of evidence based on the GRADE protocol. A meta-analysis of the association between SNPs and outcomes may be performed based on Cochrane guidelines. Discussion It is expected that clinical decisions for AML patients will consider evidence-based practices to contribute to better patient management. In this way, we will be able to define how to treat patients with AML to improve their survival and quality of life. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018100750 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-019-1011-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Intracranial tumors (ICTs) attract numerous scientific teams and tremendous financial resources worldwide. These lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) can be both benign and malignant in biological behavior as well as local or metastatic in origin. We compared data from two studies on primary and metastatic ICTs from Brazil and Bulgaria, based on histopathologically confirmed ICTs from tertiary health centers. Primary ICTs significantly outweigh the frequency of metastatic ICTs. Primary ICTs represent 86.45% in Brazil and 69.17% in Bulgaria, with around 60% of their totals being malignant. There is a statistical dominance of tumors from the neuroepithelial origin, with the most common entry being glioblastoma multiforme. The second-most common primary ICT group comprises tumors of meningeal origin. Metastatic ICTs show great variance; 13.55% in Brazil and 31.38% in Bulgaria of all ICT cases being attributed to them. However, metastatic ICTs are even a more diverse group than neuroepithelial tumors, with the majority of this group comprising metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (almost exclusively in males), metastatic breast adenocarcinoma in females, metastatic pulmonary carcinomas (primarily from the non-small cell group with a male predominance), and metastatic melanoma with an even gender ratio.
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