We address the chondrogenic formation of the limbs and the mesopodial ossification pattern of the Pleurodira Podocnemis expansa, to resolve the homology of these elements as well as the pattern of connection of the autopodial elements and the origin of the digital arch. Embryos and juveniles of P. expansa were cleared and stained for cartilage and bone. The fore- and hind-limbs were also studied histologically. We describe the development of the stylopodium and zeugopodium originating from a Y-shaped cartilaginous condensation, and the differentiation of the primary axis and the digital arch in the initial stages of limb development. The most pronounced changes were observed in the chondrogenic pattern and ossification of the mesopodium, although development of the digits is similar and we found no ontogenetic reduction such as that described for other Testudines. In this study, as in previous research involving several groups of reptilian sauropsids, we found an inconsistent pattern between the chondrogenic formation and mesopodial ossification of the limbs, indicating that these developmental events are dissociated. In summary, the chondrogenic and ossification sequences of these elements do not follow the same pattern. In addition, the differences found between P. expansa and other species to which it was compared clearly indicate that these events follow more than one pattern in Testudines.

With aim to report the ontogeny of the osseous elements of the carapace in Peurodiras, 62 embryos and 43 nestlings of Podocnemis expansa were collected and submitted to the clearing and staining technique of bones and cartilages and study of serial histological slices. The carapace has mixed osseous structure of endo and exoskeleton, formed by 8 pairs of costal bones associated with ribs, 7 neural bones associated with neural arches, 11 pairs of peripheral bones, 1 nuchal, 1 pygal and 1 suprapygal. This structure begins its formation in the beginning of stage 16 with the ossification of the periosteal collar of the ribs. With exception of the peripheral bones, the other ones begin their ossification during the embrionary period. In histologic investigation it was found that the costal bones and neural bones have a close relation to the endoskeleton components, originating themselves as intramembranous expansions of the periosteal collar of the ribs and neural arches, respectively. The condensation of the mesenchyme adjacent to the periosteal collar induces the formation of spikes that grow in trabeculae permeated by fibroblasts below the dermis. The nuchal bone also ossifies in an intramembranous way, but does not show direct relation to the endoskeleton. Such information confirms those related to the other Pleurodira, mainly with Podocnemis unifilis, sometimes with conspicuous variations in the chronology of the ossification events. The formation of dermal plates in the carapace of Pleurodira and Criptodira follow the same pattern.

ABSTRACT.-Moura L.R., Orpinelli S.R.T., Sousa J.H., Faleiro M.B.R., Conceição E. Goiânia, Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapic drug used in the treatment of malignancies, but has the cardiotoxicity as collateral effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of pequi shell etanolic extract (Caryocar brasiliense) (PSEE) through morphological evaluation (macroscopic, microscopic and ultramicroscopic), and to evaluate the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMP1 and TIMP2) in the myocardium of rats with chronic cardiotoxicity by DOX and treated or not with PSEE. The experiment lasted three months and 30 Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals. G1 and G2 received 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg of PSEE, respectively, as pretreatment, by gavage for seven days and continued treatment for 21 days of application of DOX. In G1, G2, G3, G4 and GC, cardiotoxicity was induced with weekly applications of 2mg/kg DOX, intraperitoneally, totaling four applications (8 mg/kg), and in the Sham group (GS) 1ml of saline solution was applied. G3 animals received daily 300mg/ kg of PSEE, and G4, 600mg/kg, by gavage, for 21 days of application of DOX. The GC and GS received 1ml of water daily by gavage also. After the completion of the application, the animals were kept for two months, with three months of experiment. Macroscopic evaluation was performed after 90 days, at which time samples were taken for analysis in electron microscopy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. At necropsy, ascites was observed in animals that received DOX. There was a low mortality rate (3.33%), being one mouse that developed false road pneumonia. There was no change in weights and measures of the rat hearts. At doses of 300 and 600mg/kg, the PSEE attenuates myocyte vacuolar degeneration. At a dose of 600mg/kg, PSEE reduces amount Anitschkow cells. There was no significant result on the immunostaining of MMP, but considering their inhibitors (TIMP) there was a greater immunostaining of TIMP2 in GC, the group that received only DOX. It was concluded that PSEE is effective in minimizing effects of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in the myocardium of rats, whereas at doses of 300 and 600mg/ 1 Recebido em 13 de abril de 2016.Aceito para publicação em 12 de setembro de 2016.

The purpose of this study was to collect data on the cardiac morphometry of thirty adult male and female dogs without macroscopic changes indicative of heart disease, regardless of animal's body weight and score. The dogs were weighed, grouped according to their body weight, and necropsied for a macroscopic evaluation of their cardiac measurements. The data obtained were included in a database. The following cardiac measures were evaluated: vertical and horizontal axes, weight, volume, thickness of the right and left atria and ventricles, and horizontal and vertical axes of the atrial and ventricular chambers. The heart weight was found to represent 0.6 to 1.1% of the animal's body weight. No differences were found in cardiac size and weight as a function of sex. The ratio between the vertical and horizontal cardiac axes was 1.11. The left ventricle was found to be 1.6 to threefold thicker than the right ventricle. The results were considered standard for dogs and can be used for macroscopic evaluations of cardiac hypertrophy or dilation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of pequi peel (HEPP) in rats after administration of doxorubicin (DOX). Were used 26 Wistar rats divided into four groups, which G1 (n=6) received water and saline solution (control group), G2 (n=7) HEPP and saline solution, G3 (n=7) water and DOX, and G4 (n=6) HEPP and DOX. The HEPP was administered by gavage for 10 days to G2 and G4 and water to G1 and G3. DOX and

Objetivo: Verificar o nível de conhecimento da população de Anápolis-GO a respeito do vetor, aspectos clínicos e medidas preventivas de Zika, Dengue e Chikungunya, além de apontar quais meios de comunicação os entrevistados mais utilizam para encontrar tais conhecimentos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo realizado através de um questionário quali-quantitativo a partir de uma amostragem representativa. Foram entrevistados 432 moradores, de dezesseis bairros diferentes de Anápolis. Resultados: Foi encontrado uma população em sua maioria jovem e do sexo feminino, que soube apresentar a forma de transmissão comum às três doenças, porém o conhecimento do agente etiológico não foi satisfatório, havendo uma confusão entre o mesmo e o vetor. Quanto aos sinais e sintomas, observou-se maior conhecimento dos participantes sobre a Dengue e ainda um padrão de respostas similar para as três doenças o que denota a falta de distinção entre elas. Notou-se que a população de Anápolis conhece e tem aderido às formas de controle do mosquito Ae. Aegypti. Conclusão: Dessa forma, conclui-se que a população pesquisada possui conhecimento satisfatório sobre os locais de reprodução e as formas de prevenção do mosquito, mas esse conhecimento parece não refletir em suas atividades de prevenção em domicílio, o que contribui para o crescente número de casos dessas doenças. Logo, torna-se clara a necessidade de campanhas educativas e maior divulgação de informação sobre Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya que abordem não só as medidas preventivas como os agentes etiológicos, o ciclo da doença, seus sinais e sintomas e complicações.

No abstract

A hospitalização mostra-se como fonte de estresse, visto que, leva à alteração da rotina da criança, desde o afastamento dos familiares, até o impedimento da realização das atividades que compõem seu dia-a-dia, além do medo dos procedimentos. Nesta realidade, os palhaços de hospital aparecem como uma terapia alternativa para auxiliar nos fatores fisiológicos e psicológicos do paciente internado, colaborando com a forma de enfrentar a enfermidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar se há alterações da saturação do oxigênio em crianças internadas em uma unidade de tratamento oncológico, após a intervenção com os palhaços de hospital. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com crianças hospitalizadas nas enfermarias do Hospital Araújo Jorge. A população é composta por 31 crianças, com 4 a 12 anos de idade que, no momento da pesquisa, se encontravam internadas neste hospital. Foi aferida e comparada a oximetria antes e após a intervenção dos palhaços de hospital. Observou-se que, as mudanças clínicas consequentes da prática lúdica, percebida pela melhora na