Tetra DIIIC is a vaccine candidate against dengue virus (DENV) composed by four chimeric proteins that fuse the domain III of the envelope protein of each virus to the corresponding capsid protein. Containing B- and T-cell epitopes, these proteins form aggregates after the incubation with an immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide, and their tetravalent formulation induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response in mice and monkeys. Also, Tetra DIIIC protects mice after challenge with each DENV, and the monovalent formulation obtained from DENV-2 protects monkeys upon homologous viral challenge. However, in the last years, new evidences have arisen regarding domain III of DENV envelope protein as irrelevant target for neutralizing antibodies in humans. Nevertheless, vaccination with domain III induces a neutralizing antibody response that confers protection against re-infection. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the induction of a cellular immune response is essential to protect during the infection. This response can also avoid severe manifestations of dengue disease, associated to the antibody-dependent enhancement of the infection. In this study, we observed that Tetra DIIIC was able to boost the antiviral and neutralizing antibody responses previously generated in monkeys during an experimental DENV infection, demonstrating that domain III is targeted by B cells during the viral infection. Additionally, Tetra DIIIC successfully boosted the cellular immune response generated by the viruses, probably against T-cells epitopes in the capsid proteins. These results highlight the functionality of Tetra DIIIC as a vaccine candidate against DENV.
Based on a new herpetological collection from Muong Nhe Nature Reserve we added 13 new provincial records of snakes found in Dien Bien province, viz., Boiga cyanea, Dendrelaphis ngansonensis, Gonysoma prasinum, Lycodon futsingensis, Oligodon fasciolatus, Oreocryptophis porphyraceus, Rhabdophis nuchalis, R. subminiatus, Psammodynastes pulverulentus, Pareas carinatus, P. hamptoni, Pseudoxenodon macrops and Ovophis monticola. Our findings increase the species number of snakes to 46 in Dien Bien province.
Phân tích tiếng kêu: Tiếng kêu được thu âm ở khoảng cách 0,2-0,3 m; nhiệt độ và độ ẩm tại địa điểm ghi âm được đo bằng nhiệt ẩm kế điện tử Nakata NJ-2099-TH. Các dữ liệu âm thanh được phân tích bằng phần mềm Raven Pro 1.3. Đối với mỗi tín hiệu âm thanh, các thông số sau được xác định: thời gian tiếng kêu hay độ dài tiếng kêu (s); tần suất kêu (tiếng kêu/s); khoảng thời gian giữa các tiếng kêu (s); số nốt cho mỗi tiếng kêu; số xung mỗi nốt; tần số trội của tiếng kêu (kHz) [3,6]. Mười nốt đầu tiên của mỗi TAP CHI SINH HOC 2016, 38(2): 154-161
Based on a new herpetological collection from four field surveys conducted in the Soc Son Watershed Protection Forest, Ha Noi City, from March 2017 to April 2018. We herein provide the first list of 42 species of amphibians and reptiles, in which, 12 species are newly recorded for the herpetofauna of Ha Noi City. In addition, morphological characters of these species are also provided. In terms of conservation concern, two species are listed in the IUCN Red List (2020), five species are listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book (2007), and two species are listed in the Governmental Decree No 06/2019/ND-CP.
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