The cystic cavity that develops following injuries to brain or spinal cord is a major obstacle for tissue repair in central nervous system (CNS). Here we report that injection of imidazole-poly(organophosphazenes) (I-5), a hydrogel with thermosensitive sol–gel transition behavior, almost completely eliminates cystic cavities in a clinically relevant rat spinal cord injury model. Cystic cavities are bridged by fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix. The fibrotic extracellular matrix remodeling is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-9 expressed in macrophages within the fibrotic extracellular matrix. A poly(organophosphazenes) hydrogel lacking the imidazole moiety, which physically interacts with macrophages via histamine receptors, exhibits substantially diminished bridging effects. I-5 injection improves coordinated locomotion, and this functional recovery is accompanied by preservation of myelinated white matter and motor neurons and an increase in axonal reinnervation of the lumbar motor neurons. Our study demonstrates that dynamic interactions between inflammatory cells and injectable biomaterials can induce beneficial extracellular matrix remodeling to stimulate tissue repair following CNS injuries.

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IVietnam, little attention is being paid to the management and treatment of septic tank sludge to take advantage of the number of nutrients in this available resource. This paper presents the potentials and performance of the compost production on the mixing of septic tank sludge and agricultural residues as coffee husk, coconut husk, peat. It added supplementary by 5% bioproducts of Trichoderma sp and 30 ml of molasses in 45days. The results showed the highest quality compost, being mixes of septic tank sludge and coffee husks with total N = 4.01%, total P = 0.41%, total K2O = 3.68% and accepting for the Vietnam standards of fertilizer regulations, resulted also illustrated that E.coli concentration in septic tank sludge sample decreased 2.5 - 3.3 times compared to the previous sample. The second one, the composting efficiency was surveyed on the growth of green mustard plant during 31 days by basal fertilizing and top dressing of this compost at 10 days. The growth of the green mustard plant showed the high compost efficiency septic tank sludge and coffee husk based on 28.21cm of height and 62.5g / plant weight. Especially, NT4 combining from septic tank waste, coffee husk with chemical fertilizers was a good formula by getting the best result in all treatment by combined of compost and chemical fertilizer was at the top dressing period, seems the high compost efficiency in helping Brassica juncea grow well by growing green mustard, being 31.25cm of height and 95.83g / plant weight.

Sewage sludge after urban wastewater treatment needs to be treated intelligently to get maximum benefits. This study proposes a method of anaerobic co-degradation of agricultural sludge and residues to both solve environmental problems and recover a large amount of biogas and organic fertilizers. The results show the potential for energy recovery from biogas and impact assessment of the application directly on the rice fields. It is estimated that biogas recovery from sludge treatment from wastewater treatment plants gives a calorific value of about 76 × 106 MJ/year. Results from the trial crop showed that fertilizer shows good supportability to the plant. The results show that the fertilizer from sewage sludge can be reduced and replaced by 50% to 100% of the number of chemical fertilizers but still give the same yield. The data show that the anaerobic co-digestion method is a suitable method for sludge treatment. The dual objective is to provide valuable benefits from recovered biogas and anaerobic digestion products.