Introduction: Leprosy patients submitted to surgical decompression and neurolysis of ulnar nerve in the elbow were randomly assigned to simple decompression or transposition of the nerve. Methods: In order to evaluate the differences in both techniques 136 patients were blindly enrolled into two groups. The patients were evaluated one month, three months and six months after surgery. Results: Pain improved in all patients and there was no difference between the groups. Recovery of sensation and motor performance didn't show significant improvement in both groups. Conclusion: Simple decompression or transposition of the ulnar nerve are equally efficient in treating ulnar nerve compression in leprosy.
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