In mobile ad hoc networks the congestion is a major issue, which affects the overall performance of the networks. The load balancing in the network alongside the congestion is another major problem in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing due to difference in link cost of the route. Most of the existing routing protocols provide solutions to load balancing or congestion adaptivity separately. In this paper, a congestion adaptive routing along with load balancing, that is, load balanced congestion adaptive routing (LBCAR), has been proposed. Transferring of load from congested nodes to less busy nodes and involvement of other nodes in transmission that can take part in route can improve the overall network life. In the proposed protocol two metrics, traffic load density and link cost associated with a routing path, have been used to determine the congestion status. The route with low traffic load density and maximum life time is selected for packet transmission using this protocol. Performance of the network using LBCAR has been analyzed and compared with congestion adaptive routing protocol (CRP) for packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, and normalized routing overhead.
Ad hoc network is a network formed without any central administration which consists of nodes that use a wireless interface to send packet data. Since the nodes in a network of this kind can serve as routers and hosts, they can forward packets on behalf of other nodes and run user applications. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is probably the most well-known example of this networking paradigm having been around for over twenty years, mainly exploited to design tactical networks. Furthermore, the multi-hop ad hoc networking paradigm is often used for building sensor networks to study, control, and monitor events and phenomena. To exploit these potentialities, simulation modeling and theoretical analyses have to be complemented by real experiences (e.g., experiences/measurements on real prototypes), which provide both a direct evaluation of ad hoc networks and, at the same time, precious information for a realistic modeling of these systems. In this paper we will simulate the environment used for analyzing, evaluating and implementing AODV, DSR and DSDV routing protocols in MANET, to analyze the performance of above said protocols based on Packet Delivery Fraction, Average End-to-End Delay and Number of dropped data packets. We have compared these three protocols on the basis of two traffic sources and these are TCP and CBR. For our simulation we had used a discrete event simulator known as NS2 (i.e. Network Simulator Ver.2.27)
Grid computing came into existence as a manner of sharing heavy computational loads among multiple computers to be able to compute highly complex mathematical problems. The grid topology is highly flexible and easily scalable, allowing users to join and leave the grid without the hassle of time and resource-hungry identification procedures, having to adjust their devices or install additional software. The goal of grid computing is described as “to provide flexible, secure and coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources”. AODV is an on-demand (reactive) algorithm capable of both unicast and multicast routing. In this paper, AODV has been modified by varying some of the configuration parameters used in this algorithm to improve its performance. This modified protocol i.e. A-AODV (advanced ad hoc on demand distance vector) has been compared with AODV in grid environment. The simulations have shown that A-AODV is able to achieve high throughput and packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay is reduced.
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