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Abstract.Widespread research over the past five decades has provided a wealth of experimental data and insight concerning the shock hardening, damage evolution, and the spallation response of materials subjected to square-topped shock-wave loading profiles. However, fewer quantitative studies have been conducted on the effect of direct, in-contact, high explosive (HE)-driven Taylor wave (unsupported shocks) loading on the shock hardening, damage evolution, or spallation response of materials. Systematic studies quantifying the effect of sweeping-detonation wave loading are yet sparser. In this study, the shock hardening and spallation response of Ta is shown to be critically dependent on the peak shock stress and the shock obliquity during sweeping-detonation-wave shock loading. Sweeping-wave loading is observed to: a) yield a lower spall strength than previously documented for 1-D supported-shock-wave loading, b) exhibit increased shock hardening as a function of increasing obliquity, and c) lead to an increased incidence of deformation twin formation with increasing shock obliquity.

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O ne can understand w hat velocimetry does and does not measure by understand ing a few fu nda mental experiments. Photon Doppler Velocimetry (P DV) is an interferometer that w ill produce fri nge shifts when the length of one of the legs changes, so we might expect the fringes to change whenever the distance from the probe to the target changes. However, by making PDV measurements of ti lt d movi ng surface s, we have shovm that fr inge shifts from diffuse surfaces are actllally measur d only from the changes caused by the component of ve locity along the beam. This is an important simplification in the interpretation of PDV results, arising because sur face roughness randomizes the scattered phases.

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