We report on a continuous method for controlled electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers on two-dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) substrates using low voltage near-field electrospinning (LV NFES). The method overcomes some of the drawbacks in more conventional near-field electrospinning by using a superelastic polymer ink formulation. The viscoelastic nature of our polymer ink enables continuous electrospinning at a very low voltage of 200 V, almost an order of magnitude lower than conventional NFES, thereby reducing bending instabilities and increasing control of the resulting polymer jet. In one application, polymeric nanofibers are freely suspended between microstructures of 3D carbon on Si substrates to illustrate wiring together 3D components in any desired pattern.
The field of centrifugal microfluidics has experienced tremendous growth during the past 15 years, especially in applications such as lab-on-a-disc (LoD) diagnostics. The strength of LoD systems lies in its potential for development into fully integrated sample-to-answer analysis systems. This review highlights the technologies necessary to develop the next generation of these systems. In addition to outlining valving and other fluid-handling operations, we discuss the recent advances and future outlook in four categories of LoD processes: reagent storage, sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification, and analyte detection strategies.
This paper presents a theoretical development and critical analysis of the burst frequency equations for capillary valves on a microfluidic compact disc (CD) platform. This analysis includes background on passive capillary valves and the governing models/equations that have been developed to date. The implicit assumptions and limitations of these models are discussed. The fluid meniscus dynamics before bursting is broken up into a multi-stage model and a more accurate version of the burst frequency equation for the capillary valves is proposed. The modified equations are used to evaluate the effects of various CD design parameters such as the hydraulic diameter, the height to width aspect ratio, and the opening wedge angle of the channel on the burst pressure.
This work reviews present technologies and developing trends in Point-of-Care (POC) microfluidic diagnostics platforms. First, various fluidics technologies such as pressure-driven flows, capillary flows, electromagnetically driven flows, centrifugal fluidics, acoustically driven flows, and droplet fluidics are categorized. Then three broad categories of POC microfluidic testing devices are considered: lateral flow devices, desktop and handheld POC diagnostic platforms, and emergent molecular diagnostic POC systems. Such evolving trends as miniaturization, multiplexing, networking, new more sensitive detection schemes, and the importance of sample processing are discussed. It is concluded that POC microfluidic diagnostics has a potential to improve patient treatment outcome and bring substantial savings in overall healthcare costs.
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