A recent experiment evaluated the relative contributions of a pooled adaptation level and nonsensory processes in the formation of contrast effects in loudness judgments using both a category scale and a maximally extensive, numberresponse language. The results indicate that obtaining a contrast effect is not dependent on certain restrictive features of the category-judgment language. However, the formal properties of the contrast effect were found to be characteristically different from those derived from a sensory interpretation of its origin. A memory-shift interpretation of S's judgments is presented.
Factors that may contribute to the sex difference on a symbol-digit substitution test were investigated. Aspects of motor ability were determined to be involved in the sex-related difference in performance. Scanning ability and oral speed were related to performance of the task; however, these factors were not involved in the sex-related difference.
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