Examination of the Sex Difference on a Symbol Digit Substitution Test

Polubinski, Joseph P.; Melamed, Lawrence E.

doi:10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.975

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The effects of age are consistent with the general trends in the literature. The significantly faster times reported for women across age categories are consistent with previous studies (Bryden & Roy, 2005;Polubinski & Melamed, 1986), with the gender differences more visible in DH than NDH performance (cf. Schmidt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Socio-demographic Variablessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of gender is less consistent. Some studies found that women perform noticeably faster than men (Bryden & Roy, 2005; Polubinski & Melamed, 1986; Van Wijk, 2012), and greater inter-manual differences for females compared to males were reported (Thompson, Heaton, Matthews, & Grant, 1987). One study found significant gender differences for the dominant hand (DH) only (Schmidt, Oliveira, Rocha, & Abreu-Villaca, 2000), while another did not find any significant gender difference (Strenge, Niederberger, & Seelhorst, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: socio-demographic influences

Wijk

Meintjes

2015

South African Journal of Psychology

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The Grooved Pegboard is a widely used test of psychomotor speed, and a number of sociodemographic and psychological influences on performance have been reported. To accurately interpret Grooved Pegboard results, the effects of these influences need to be considered. This study investigated the effects of socio-demographic, psychological, and anthropometric variables on performance in a sample of 3272 healthy adult South Africans. Age and gender were the largest contributors to variance in scores and should be used for reporting normative data. While separate norms may not be required for other variables, clinicians need to be sensitive to the effects of education levels and home language when administering and interpreting results. Work context, province of origin, non-clinical mood states, and body mass are probably less important when interpreting pegboard results.

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Section: Socio-demographic Variablessupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: socio-demographic influences

Wijk

Meintjes

2015

South African Journal of Psychology

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“…Another significant individual difference variable associated with symbol substitution type tasks is that women reliably outperform men on such tasks (e.g., Lezak, 1995, p. 380). Polubinski and Melamed (1986) demonstrated a main effect of sex on performance on the SDMT that was highly reliable (p < 0.001) and the interaction of sex and handedness was also significant (p < 0.01). Schear and Sato (1989) found that Finger Tapping and the Grooved Pegboard predicted unique variance in the Digit Symbol subtest, suggesting that motor speed and dexterity are significant components of Planned Codes.…”

Section: Planned Codesmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Cognitive Neuropsychological Examination of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System Subtests: A Report of Three Stroke Cases Studied Longitudinally During Recovery

McCrea

2009

International Journal of Neuroscience

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In this study three patients with unilateral focalized stroke lesions were examined longitudinally on the CAS subtests at 1 month and 6 months postinfarct such that each patient functioned as baseline. Patient 1 with a left temporal pole lesion had a severe syntactic comprehension deficit on Sentence Questions. Patient 2 had a rare right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm culminating in a classical orbitofrontal syndrome and impairments on Expressive Attention, Word Series as well as a previously undescribed praxis-based figure ground reversal phenomenon on Figure Memory. Patient 3 suffered a right frontoparietal lesion with resulting representational as well as elements of motor neglect and impairments on Matching Numbers, Number Detection, and Receptive Attention. The three patient's lesions were all entirely consistent with the nature of cognitive neuropsychological symptoms suggesting that the CAS subtests are not only unique but also sensitive and specific to focalized cortical lesions.

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“… 12 The differences in the hemispheric lateralization of function may explain the differences between men and women. 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Educational Status in Explaining the Association between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function

Kao

Peng

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Preserving physical and cognitive function becomes an important issue as people age. A growing number of studies have found that the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function changes in different age groups. It is obvious that higher educational status is linked to higher cognitive function in terms of numerous risk factors that influence cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the interplay between obesity and cognitive function categorized by different educational status.This study included 5021 participants aged 20 to 59 years who completed 3 neurocognitive function tests, including a simple reaction time test (SRTT), a symbol digit substitution test (SDST), and a serial digit learning test (SDLT) as reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III database. The associations between neurocognitive function and BMI were analyzed using multivariate linear regression while controlling for confounders.After adjusting for pertinent covariates in mode 3, the β coefficients in the female participants with more than 12 years of education (interpreted as change of 3 neurocognitive function tests for each increment in BMI) comparing obesity groups to those with normal BMI were 16.2 (P < 0.001 for SRTT), 0.14 (P < 0.05 for SDST), and 0.9 (P < 0.05 for SDLT). Male participants with more than 12 years of education and female participants with fewer than 12 years of education demonstrated increased impairment as their BMI increased. However, this association was not significant after adjustments.Obese individuals had worse neurocognitive function than those of normal weight or overweight, especially in women with a high educational level.

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Examination of the Sex Difference on a Symbol Digit Substitution Test

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: socio-demographic influences

Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: socio-demographic influences

A Cognitive Neuropsychological Examination of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System Subtests: A Report of Three Stroke Cases Studied Longitudinally During Recovery

Role of Educational Status in Explaining the Association between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function

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