The study examines the roles of experience and education in explaining the increase in wage inequality among Philippine male workers between 1988 and 1995. It also provides a methodological approach to the analysis of wage inequality by combining non-parametric methods with semiparametric additive models, using the variance accounting framework. Non-parametric density estimators allow flexibility in dealing with distributional inference while additive models yield marginal effects estimates under minimal assumptions on the functional specification of the wage-schooling and wage-experience relationships. The results show that much of the inequality increase from 1988 to 1995 was caused by greater variabilities in returns to schooling and experience among 1995 workers. The rise of the p90/p10 percentile ratio was caused by greater return variabilities on schooling and experience in the 90th percentile.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
Terms of use:
Documents in
Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng PilipinasThe PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed.The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute. This paper is one of the few studies that systematically analyze housework in the Philippines. It seeks to understand how wage and attitudes to work and family life affect the time devoted to housework. Based on different specifications and estimators, our findings indicate that the respondent's own wage is not a significant predictor of his or her housework hours but it is a significant predictor of the spouse's time devoted to non-market production. We find that the husband's housework hours are positively affected by the female respondent's wage while the wife's housework hours are negatively affected by the male respondent's wage. We turn to the Philippine context to explain these results and find the combination of egalitarian society and gender inequality in the labor market as plausible explanations. Results also show that both wage and attitudes have direct effects on the wife's housework time but that some of the effects of wage are mediated by the respondent's attitudes towards gender roles.
This policy brief is based on the outcomes of PEP project MPIA-12302 and working paper 2012-15 Various business surveys have assessed that the quality of infrastructure in the Philippines has remained relatively low. Against this backdrop, the Philippine government has implemented policy measures to improve the quality of public infrastructure in order to help foster robust economic growth and alleviate poverty.
Using the Philippines’ first-ever nationally representative survey designed for characterizing digital commercial and noncommercial engagements, including ICT use, digital economy, and technology-enabled incidents, we investigate the presence of gendered disparities in online marketplaces. Doing this is consistent with the spirit of a gender and development approach that aims for equal and equitable outcomes between men and women. We verify whether the observed participation of women in online marketplaces results in higher online sales. To establish the determinants of participation and incomes in online marketplaces, we use a Heckman estimator in cognizance of the nonrandom choices people make when they enter online marketspaces. The negative selection indicates that those likely to sell have unobserved attributes negatively correlated with online income. Based on our model’s income predictions, men outperform women in online sales. Men still hold the advantage, replicating a trend observed in traditional marketplaces. Results also highlight the importance of skills, digital awareness and habits, selling platforms, and ICT infrastructures. The paper also identifies potential initiatives for online marketplaces.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.