Background: Snail mucin has been reported to contain agents with wound healing properties. Mucin obtained from the mucus of snails and epiphgram obtained from species of Achatina fulica and Archachatina marginata have also been reported to show antimicrobial properties. Snail species are abundantly available and widely consumed as a delicacy across Nigeria. Aim: To assess the antibacterial effects of mucus secretions from different snail types on bacteria isolated from clinically infected wounds. Place and Duration of Study:The study lasted for a period of four (4) months and was conducted at the Microbiology laboratory of The Cross River State University of Technology in Cross River, Nigeria. Methodology:The in vitro antibacterial potency of snail mucus secretions obtained from Archachatina marginata saturalis, Archachatina marginata ovum and Achatina fulica on bacterial isolates from wound was investigated. The isolates obtained from twenty eight (28) clinical wound samples were Staphylococcus spp (24:53.3%), Pseudomonas spp (16:33.3%) and Streptococcus Original Research Article spp (6:13.4%). The susceptibility of the isolates to snail mucus secretions was assayed on Muller Hilton Agar by the disc diffusion method, using varied mucus/DMSO concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% and 20%. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the mucus secretions were also evaluated. Results:The viscosity of the mucus secretions were rated as A. marginata saturalis> A. marginata ovum> A. fulica, while their colours were yellow, light brown and dark respectively. Results revealed that Staphylococcus sp was more susceptible to mucus secretion from the A. marginata saturalis (17.4±1.20) than those from A. marginata ovum (15.6±1.44) and A. fulica (15.4±2.04). The minimum inhibitory concentration of mucus secretions from A. marginata saturalis against the test organisms were observed at concentrations of 100% and 20% for Staphylococcus sp, 20% for Pseudomonas sp and 40% for Streptococcus sp respectively. The antibacterial activity of the mucus secretions were observed to be comparable to that of seven (7) different antibiotics used as control. Conclusion: Snail mucus secretions could be a source for antibacterial agents that can serve as an alternative to the expensive synthetic antibacterial agents used in wound treatment if adequately explored.
Aims:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that still develops life threatening infections in patients with immunological system defects like burns. The major problem with this organism is the ability to persist during infections due to its high rate of resistance to many drugs. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and drug susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients admitted to a burn unit in a tertiary health facility. Methodology and Result: From 80 selected patients, appropriate clinical specimens from burn sites were collected and processed for the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. Also, 78 surveillance samples from various environmental sites and hands impressions of nursing staff in the burn unit were cultured for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug susceptibility profile showed high resistance for ceftazidime (40.7%) ciprofloxacin (13.1%) and piperacillin (34.6%); furthermore, low resistance for some antibiotics like imipenem (17.5%) pipereracillin/tazobactam (12.3%) and aztreonam (16%) were obtained. In addition, 8 multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) isolates were recovered from clinical specimens and from environmental samples. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Evidence of high prevalence of clinical and environmental MRPA reported in this study provides the rationale for strict enforcement of infection prevention protocol to minimize cross transmission of bacterial pathogens in hospital burn units and consequent disease burden arising from MRPA.
The goal of this study was to integrate the activities of paint deterioration of microbial communities (microcosms) on the basis of environmental factors. The effect of temperature and pH on bacterial degradation of latex paint under humid condition by bacterial isolates was studied. Results obtained revealed that paint industrial waste (PIW) and paint film scrap (PFS) contained approximately 28.2% to 37.3% of dry organic content (DOC), pH 6.6 to 8.3, optical density (OD) 2.5 to 3.9 and undetermined amount of Ca 2+ , Na + , K + , SO 4 2-and NO 3 -. Thirteen (13) isolates were obtained from PIW and fifty two (52) from PFS. The main heterotrophic count ranged from 8.7 to 9.4 × 10 8 cfuml -1 for PIW and 3.4 to 6.8 × 10 6 cfuml -1 for PFS. The bacterial genera and their percentage occurance for PIW and PFS were: Pseudomonas (40:32%), Bacillus (26:44%), Norcadia (9:6%), Streptomyces (0:6%), Alcaligenes (11:3%), Micrococcus (14:7%) and Flavobacterium (0:27%) respectively. The organisms exhibited various degree of paint degradation under different temperature and pH points. Pseudomonas demonstrated the highest rate of degradation at pH 7.4 and the lowest at pH 4.2. Bacillus had its highest rate at pH 6.3 and lowest at pH 3.5 while that of Micrococcus occurred at pH 4. o c are considered optimal and maximal temperature for biodegradation of paint. Also, the effect of pH and temperature was independent and insignificance at P < 0.05. The study therefore, indicated that paint and painted surfaces (objects) can be preserved from bacterial contamination, deterioration and degradation by controlling the storing pH and temperature.
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