Cet article examine le vécu de la crise sanitaire en Suisse lors de la première vague de Covid-19. Il analyse les résultats d’un questionnaire en ligne diffusé en avril 2020 dans le cadre d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire (« Corona Citizen Science »). L’originalité de l’approche adoptée ici est d’inclure dans la question des inégalités résidentielles au temps du Covid-19 celle de la « plasticité » de la sphère domestique, au sens des possibilités, inégalement distribuées, de transformer et d’ajuster les objets, les relations et les pratiques qui prennent place à l’intérieur du logement pour faire face à la crise. Il ressort de l’analyse que les personnes confrontées à un cumul des difficultés sont celles qui sont le plus intervenues sur leur intérieur et ont le plus modifié leurs pratiques domestiques. Au contraire, l’absence de fortes contraintes est allée de pair avec la préservation de l’état du logement et des routines domestiques. L’étude de cette situation inédite montre que la plasticité est davantage un acquis des ménages aux conditions sociorésidentielles plus favorisées tandis que les catégories les plus jeunes, les plus exposées à la précarité et les plus féminines doivent s’engager dans un travail de mise en adéquation de leur logement pour faire face aux imprévus.
No abstract
Action-oriented, transformative, and transdisciplinary approaches are increasingly heralded as promising tools that enable researchers not only to produce new knowledge about a situation, but also to actively engage in tackling it; however, such approaches raise critical questions about the methodological implications and conflicts involved in pursuing multiple objectives concurrently. This article seeks to advance this debate by examining the methodological implications of pursuing both knowledge production-oriented (epistemic) and action-oriented (transformative) objectives in urgent and uncertain situations. It asks how far a transformative mixed methods research design can leverage the potential of research to achieve multiple objectives in times of crisis. This methodological inquiry is based on a transformative mixed methods study on housing conditions and well-being which was initiated during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. The study was composed of a country-wide survey, mobile crowdsourcing, interviews and Citizen Think Tanks. The results of this methodological reflection illustrate how this research design made it possible to (i) explore the effects of the crisis on domestic living spaces, (ii) engage with the crisis in a joint research space, and (iii) stimulate empowerment through reflection and mutual learning. These insights suggest the multidimensional orientation of the transformative mixed methods approach is appropriate for acting upon urgent crises. However, it challenges core methodological values and research constellations including (i) tackling unequal engagement opportunities, (ii) navigating social and epistemic control, and (iii) paying attention to situatedness and positionality. The article concludes that, in anticipation of future crises, favorable conditions for multi-targeted, collaborative research need to be fostered, both on the institutional and on personal levels. These conditions should enable fast and adequate team formation, as well as reflection and negotiation of positionalities, and divergent interests and objectives, of both scientists and citizens.
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