from supplementary childcare to co-caregiving while living in a multigenerational household. Another subset of grandparents, or custodial grandparents, act as the sole caregiver for a child in the absence of a parent. Almost 7.1 million grandparents live with their grandchildren in the United States and 13.4% of these are custodial grandparents (United States Census Bureau, 2020). This reflects an estimated 7% increase in custodial grandparenting since 2009 in the United States (Meyer & Kandic, 2017). There has been a concurrent increase in custodial grandparenting in several economically developing nations since 1990 (Zimmer
Purpose: This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of interventions that seek to improve outcomes of grandchildren raised by grandparents. Method: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was undertaken. We searched in Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Family Studies Abstracts, PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results indicated that grandchildren who participated in these interventions had improvement in their socio-emotional, mental, and behavioral outcomes but had mixed educational outcomes, regardless of research designs and evaluation methods. Two out of eight studies were of high quality, while the rest needed improved rigor in designs and analyses. Conclusions: The review summarized evidence for interventions to improve grandchildren’s outcomes and pointed out directions for future research and practice.
Summary: Social work field instructors are integral to social work education and must balance professional responsibilities with supervising students. Empowerment and burnout are concepts that may impact the well-being of social work field instructors. However, few studies have explored empowerment and burnout among this population. This study aimed to a) explore the association between overall empowerment and burnout and b) explore how different elements of empowerment are associated with burnout when controlling for interprofessional work, demographic characteristics, and workplace characteristics. This nonexperimental cross-sectional study utilized primary survey data to examine the association between the Social Worker Empowerment Scale and ProQOL Burnout scores among a sample of social work field instructors (N = 189) of a Mid-Atlantic university. Findings: Preliminary bivariate analysis found a significant negative association between overall empowerment and burnout. Hierarchical linear regression results displayed a significant negative association between burnout and two elements of empowerment: Collective identity and knowledge. One element of empowerment, propensity to act, was found to have a significant positive association with burnout. Years of social work experience and coping on an interprofessional team were found to have significant negative associations with burnout. Applications: Agencies and educational institutions can reduce burnout among field instructors by fostering their sense of connection to the social work profession and ensuring they feel knowledgeable and competent in their role. This can be accomplished through fostering strong relationships and providing ongoing, accessible training to field instructors. More detailed recommendations for reducing burnout by increasing empowerment are provided in the manuscript.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.