P ulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vascular pathology affecting the small pulmonary arteries (PAs). It is characterized by enhanced inflammation, vasoconstriction, and proliferation/apoptosis imbalance within the artery wall, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular (RV) failure and death.1 PAH is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 15 to 50 cases/million 2 and its prevalence is thought to be highly underestimated [3][4][5][6] because of lack of symptom specificity. Despite recent therapeutic advances using vasodilator therapies, 1 most patients exhibit persistent poor exercise capacity and quality of life and their prognosis remains poor with a 3-year survival of 55% to 65%. 4,6,7 As in cancer, PAH is associated with sustained DNA damage, which accounts for a poly(ADP ribose) polymerase 1-dependent downregulation of and the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs).8 The miR-204/NFAT axis affects mitochondrial function, bioenergetic profile and promotes the expression of oncogenes implicated in PAH, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Survivin. 9,10 This results in the proproliferative and antiapoptotic phenotype of PAH pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).

A bioreactor using membrane technologies was used to demonstrate the feasibility of in-situ bio-methanation coupled to industrial wastewater treatment for biogas upgrading. High biogas productivity (1.7 Nm 3 Biogas/m 3 Bioreactor/day) with high CH4 content (97.9%) was reached. In-situ bio-methanation did not affect the COD removal efficiency of anerobic digestion (>94%). Process resilience has been tested for both substrate overload and H2 intermittence injection. Recovery of high CH4 content after 7 days without H2 injection occurred within few hours. Influence of microbial community has been studied showing that both hydrogenotrophic and homoacetogenic-acetoclastic pathways were involved.

International audienceThe synthesis of fluorescent lipophosphoramidates is reported. Their modular construction allows several variations of the molecular structure including the separation of the fluorescent probe from the lipophosphoramidate moiety by a short methylene or by a tetraethylene glycol spacer. The last step of the convergent synthesis is a Huisgen click reaction, which assembles the fluorescent probe with the lipophosphoramidate part. Five fluorescent probes have been considered in this study including coumarin, NBD, fluorescein, naphthalimide and cyanine

Cationic amphiphiles featuring ramified lipid chains self-organized in water as inverted hexagonal aggregates. They demonstrated high gene delivery efficiencies.

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International audienceFluorescent amphiphilic phospholipids (neutral or cationic) in which fluorescent probes are contained in the lipid domain were synthesized via phosphoramide intermediates possessing two distinct lipid chains. One of these lipid chains is ω-functionalized with an azide or alkyne group, and this is subsequently used to introduce a fluorescent probe by Huisgen cycloaddition. Five different fluorescent probes (naphthalimide, dansyl, fluoresceine, Nile red, and coumarin) were considered in this study. These neutral and cationic fluorescent lipids were included at a 1 % molar ratio with a selected cationic lipid (KLN47) to produce liposomal solutions that were characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements

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New thioether-containing amphiphiles were designed, characterized and applied for gene delivery.