Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes a range of airway and extrapulmonary pathologies in humans. Clinically, M. pneumoniae is associated with acute exacerbations of human asthma and a worsening of experimentally induced asthma in mice. Recently, we demonstrated that Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin, an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin synthesized by M. pneumoniae, is sufficient to induce an asthma-like disease in BALB/cJ mice. To test the potential of CARDS toxin to exacerbate preexisting asthma, we examined inflammatory responses to recombinant CARDS toxin in an ovalbumin (OVA) murine model of asthma. Differences in pulmonary inflammatory responses between treatment groups were analyzed by histology, cell differentials and changes in cytokine and chemokine concentrations. Additionally, assessments of airway hyperreactivity were evaluated through direct pulmonary function measurements. Analysis of histology revealed exaggerated cellular inflammation with a strong eosinophilic component in the CARDS toxin-treated group. Heightened T-helper type-2 inflammatory responses were evidenced by increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, CCL17 and CCL22 corresponding with increased airway hyperreactivity in the CARDS toxin-treated mice. These data demonstrate that CARDS toxin can be a causal factor in the worsening of experimental allergic asthma, highlighting the potential importance of CARDS toxin in the etiology and exacerbation of human asthma.
Introduction: Treatment with chemotherapy is the most widely used in almost all types of neoplasms, however, the side effects that it triggers affect the patient's style and quality of life, for this reason the nursing staff must know what their intervention should be with these patients. Objective: To analyze the role played by the nursing staff in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methodology: A study was carried out with a qualitative, descriptive approach, non-experimental design, the databases used included search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, eJournals, Google Scholar and Trip Database, Scielo, Ocronos). A total of 27 articles are included. Results: Nursing care for patients undergoing cytostatic therapy must be comprehensive from a holistic approach. In which it allows to cope with activities that are of the utmost importance for the patient such as reducing the risk of phlebitis and extravasation, controlling nausea and vomiting, informing about side effects. In this way it provides physical, emotional, psychological, and practical support. Conclusion: The nursing role is one of the most essential pillars when providing the care required by cancer patients, allowing maintaining the integrity of the skin, achieving optimal nutritional status, attending to the emotional spheres of the patient, reducing the degree of duration of diarrhoea, correct medication administration and effective communication.
This study was conducted to investigate the variations in the aortic arch branching patterns in the cadavers donated to the University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. Branching patterns of vessels from the aortic arch in 56 cadavers (31 males and 25 females) were recorded after dissection of the mediastinum by the medical students. A previous meta‐analysis of variations in the adult aortic arch branching has grouped the aortic arch variants into seven different types. Our survey of cadaveric specimens revealed three of these types. The normal variant (Type 1) where the aortic arch gives rise to the brachiocephalic trunk (BT), the left common carotid (LCC) and the left subclavian (LS) arteries occurred in 69.6% (21 male and 18 female, 95% confidence interval: 56.6% to 80.2%) of cadavers. The bovine arch (BA) variant (type 2) of the aortic arch is a known congenital anomaly with both clinical and surgical significance. It is described as the common origin of the left common carotid artery (LCC) and the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) from the aortic arch. BA was present in 25% of cadavers (95% confidence interval: 15.4% to 37.8%), distributed evenly among male and female cadavers (7 male and 7 female). Type 3 variant, where the left vertebral artery (LV) was branching directly from the arch between the LCC and the left subclavian artery (LS) was noted in 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.3% to 15.2%) of the cadavers. Interestingly, all the cadavers found to have the type 3 variant were male. Knowledge of variations in the branching patterns of vessels from the aortic arch is essential to surgical planning to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
BackgroundOptimizing use of urinary catheters (UCs) and central venous catheters (CVCs) is crucial to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), and other complications. Despite education and adoption of catheter removal protocols, indwelling devices not meeting approved indications were still noted.MethodsTwice a week, UC and CVC surveillance rounds were conducted by a team of directors from nursing, vascular access, infection prevention, and hospital epidemiology. Different hospital units were selected each week in random distribution. Rounds emphasized face-to-face discussion with nurses and device observations to identify any removal opportunities and appropriate maintenance. Device utilization was monitored using CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) standardized utilization ratio (SUR) and CAUTIs and CLABSIs were monitored using NHSN definitions. Relative ratios of SURs during pre-intervention (pre-INT) and post-intervention (post-INT) time periods for UCs and CVCs were compared using an exact binomial test and mid-P 95% confidence interval (CI). CAUTI and CLABSI rates were compared using Fisher’s exact test using mid-P value.ResultsA baseline time period A of 12 months pre-INT (June 2017-May 2018) was used to compare with the 10-month post-INT time period B (June 2018-March 2019). The UC SURs for periods A and B were 0.813 and 0.696 (Figure 1). The relative ratio shows a post-INT UC SUR that was 85.6% of the pre-INT period (95% CI: 84.1%, 87.2%, P < 0.001). CAUTI rates for periods A and B were not statistically significantly different at 2.276 vs. 2.164/1000 catheter days (P = 0.803). The CVC SURs for periods A and B were 1.244 and 1.081 (Figure 2). The relative ratio shows a post-INT CVC SUR that was 86.9% of the pre-INT period (95% CI: 85.7%, 88.0%, P < 0.001). CLABSI rates for periods A and B were statistically significantly different at 1.27 vs. 0.804/1000 central line days (P = 0.0335).ConclusionLeadership rounds were associated with a significant decrease in utilization of UCs and CVCs. A significant decrease was noted in CLABSI rates but not in CAUTI rates. Multidisciplinary oversight improved adherence to existing policies and should be considered for optimizing device utilization. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.