Background: Structural imaging studies of cannabis users have found evidence of both cortical and subcortical volume reductions, especially in cannabinoid receptor-rich regions such as the hippocampus and amygdala. However, the findings have not been consistent. In the present study, we examined a sample of adult heavy cannabis users without other substance abuse to determine whether long-term use is associated with brain structural changes, especially in the subcortical regions.Method: We compared the gray matter volume of 14 long-term, heavy cannabis users with non-using controls. To provide robust findings, we conducted two separate studies using two different MRI techniques. Each study used the same sample of cannabis users and a different control group, respectively. Both control groups were independent of each other. First, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare the cannabis users against 28 matched controls (HC1 group). Second, a volumetric analysis of subcortical regions was performed to assess differences between the cannabis users and a sample of 100 matched controls (HC2 group) obtained from a local database of healthy volunteers.Results: The VBM study revealed that, compared to the control group HC1, the cannabis users did not show cortical differences nor smaller volume in any subcortical structure but showed a cluster (p < 0.001) of larger GM volume in the basal ganglia, involving the caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens, bilaterally. The subcortical volumetric analysis revealed that, compared to the control group HC2, the cannabis users showed significantly larger volumes in the putamen (p = 0.001) and pallidum (p = 0.0015). Subtle trends, only significant at the uncorrected level, were also found in the caudate (p = 0.05) and nucleus accumbens (p = 0.047).Conclusions: This study does not support previous findings of hippocampal and/or amygdala structural changes in long-term, heavy cannabis users. It does, however, provide evidence of basal ganglia volume increases.

In the current health crisis due to COVID-19, people with intellectual disabilities have especially suffered. The development of their social abilities has been restricted, first with the lockdown and then with the current limitation of social life. They have lost some of these abilities or are having difficulty practicing them. CapacitaBOT, our use case, is a mobile application based on a chatbot, which allows people with intellectual disabilities to work and train their social skills. A chatbot is a software tool that allows to maintain a conversation in automatic way between the user and the machine, the mobile application. CapacitaBOT can be considered by its features, an educational ICT tool that introduces innovation, inclusion and quality in order to be integrated into education for people with intellectual disabilities. The tool trains these people for real-life situations and can also be considered a resource that allows the application of active methodologies since it makes easy the learning of social skills. In addition, all the contributions of the tool are aligned with the objectives of sustainable development because it is a tool that facilities the accessibility of people with disabilities, who more than ever have been affected by social isolation caused by the COVID-19 crisis.

En el presente artículo se pretende dar a conocer el lento proceso de escolarización que sufrieron las mujeres debido a los condicionantes de la historia. El estudio se inicia con la Ley de Instrucción Pública (1857) cuando la escolarización de las niñas en la enseñanza primaria adquiere un carácter obligatorio, y, continúa con los logros conseguidos en educación, gracias a las iniciativas pedagógicas surgidas al margen de la escuela, desde el Sexenio Revolucionario (1868) hasta la Dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-1930). A partir de la década de los años 30 se concede una especial atención a la educación con el propósito de mostrar dos modelos de escuelas antagónicas para las mujeres: la escuela única, pública y laica perseguida por la Segunda República y la escuela nacional, católica y patriótica desarrollada durante el franquismo. Terminada esta última etapa, la historia deja paso a la escuela democrática que permite la escolarización femenina en todos sus niveles, y, en igualdad de oportunidades. Y finaliza el estudio con un somero análisis de las leyes educativas que se desarrollaron en los años siguientes (1983-2006) para comprobar la representación de las mujeres en el sistema educativo.

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Knowledge about the mechanism of action (MoA) of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is required to understand which patients with multiple myeloma (MM) benefit the most from a given mAb, alone or in combination therapy. Although there is considerable research about daratumumab, knowledge about other anti-CD38 mAbs remains scarce.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We performed a comprehensive analysis of the MoA of isatuximab.</p>Results:<p>Isatuximab induces internalization of CD38 but not its significant release from MM cell surface. In addition, we uncovered an association between levels of CD38 expression and different MoA: (i) Isatuximab was unable to induce direct apoptosis on MM cells with CD38 levels closer to those in patients with MM, (ii) isatuximab sensitized CD38^hi MM cells to bortezomib plus dexamethasone in the presence of stroma, (iii) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was triggered by CD38^lo and CD38^hi tumor plasma cells (PC), (iv) antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) was triggered only by CD38^hi MM cells, whereas (v) complement-dependent cytotoxicity could be triggered in less than half of the patient samples (those with elevated levels of CD38). Furthermore, we showed that isatuximab depletes CD38^hi B-lymphocyte precursors and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes <i>ex vivo</i>—the latter through activation followed by exhaustion and eventually phagocytosis.</p>Conclusions:<p>This study provides a framework to understand response determinants in patients treated with isatuximab based on the number of MoA triggered by CD38 levels of expression, and for the design of effective combinations aimed at capitalizing disrupted tumor–stroma cell protection, augmenting NK lymphocyte–mediated ADCC, or facilitating ADCP in CD38^lo MM patients.</p><p><i>See related commentary by Malavasi and Faini, p. 2946</i></p></div>

Durante y después de la guerra civil, los maestros de primera enseñanza fueron sometidos a depuración, con el objeto de erradicar de las aulas las ideas contrarias al nuevo Régimen. En este estudio se indaga en la depuración franquista del Magisterio, con la finalidad de ofrecer una guía para el estudio e investigación de este tema. Así, en primer lugar, se proporciona una síntesis bastante apretada, pero completa, sobre la depuración franquista del Magisterio, reseñándose, al hilo de la exposición, las disposiciones normativas que regularon el citado proceso. Seguidamente, se presenta, atendiendo, en la medida de lo posible, a la lógica de la investigación, una guía de fuentes documentales para el estudio de la represión franquista del Magisterio, algunas de las cuales, al no haber sido manejadas hasta la fecha, suponen una innovación. Por último, se ha elaborado un elenco de publicaciones realizadas en España sobre la depuración del citado cuerpo de funcionarios públicos, precedido de algunas consideraciones bibliométricas, suficientes para obtener una panorámica sobre el estado de la cuestión y para plantear futuras investigaciones.