No abstract

RESUMENEl artículo se centra en el relato biográfico de King Manaba, que durante muchos años fue el Inca, es decir, el líder supremo de una de las tribus de los Latin Kings en Cataluña y en España. Mediante el recurso de su biografía, nos centraremos en la presentación social del cuerpo de Manaba y de los Latin Kings, a través de sus vestidos, adornos y tatuajes. Desde un punto de vista teórico y analítico, el cuerpo representa uno de los elementos centrales para la creación y difusión del imaginario de las llamadas "bandas latinas". El cuerpo puede ser un estigma y crear desigualdades y, al mismo tiempo, un espacio de vivencias, reflexión y resistencia en cuanto emblema. Finalmente, el artículo reflexiona sobre la tensión y paradójica relación entre prácticas de resistencias y de asimilación en las culturas juveniles.Palabras claves: Embodiment, Vestido, Tatuaje, Biografía, Culturas juveniles, Migraciones SUMMARY This article focuses on the biographical account of King Manaba, who for many years was the Inca, the supreme leader of the Latin King tribes in Catalonia and Spain. Referring to his biography, I will focus on the social presentation of the bodies of Manaba and the Latin Kings, through their dress, adornments and tattoos. From a theoretical and analytical point of view, the body represents one of the main elements for the creation and diffusion of the imaginary of the so called "Latin gangs". The body can be a stigma and create inequalities and, at the same time, a place of experiences, reflexion and resistance as an emblem. At the end, the article reflects on the tension and paradoxical relationship between resistance and assimilation practices in youth culture.

This text is an attempt to review academic work on youth cultures carried out in Spain since the transition to democracy (although some earlier work related to the subject, stemming from the late Franco period, is also discussed). The nearly 200 contributions analysed (books, papers, theses, unpublished reports and journal texts) were grouped into different academic areas such as criminology, sociology, psychology, communication or anthropology, and theoretical trends ranging from ‘edifying’ ecclesiastic postwar literature to the Birmingham school.The works are classified into five major periods marked by different youth styles which act as distorting mirrors of social and cultural changes that are taking place: the late Franco times ( golfos and jipis), the transition to democracy ( punkis and progres), the post-transition ( pijos and makineros), the 1990s ( okupas and pelaos) and the present time ( fiesteros and alternativos) (see Glossary to Spanish terms).The social context, the academic framework and the main research lines for these periods are analysed, and the authors also touch upon what they consider as representative of the emerging ideological, theoretical and methodological tendencies.

Arpa Piemonte has been carrying out, for a long time, controls on clearable materials from nuclear power plants to verify compliance with clearance levels set by ISIN (Ispettorato Nazionale per la Sicurezza Nucleare e la Radioprotezione - National Inspectorate for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection) in the technical prescriptions attached to the Ministerial Decree decommissioning authorization or into category A source authorization (higher level of associated risk, according to the categorization defined in the Italian Legislative Decree No. 230/95). After the experience undertaken at the “FN” (Fabbricazioni Nucleari) Bosco Marengo nuclear installation, some controls have been conducted at the Trino nuclear power plant “E. Fermi,” “LivaNova” nuclear installation based in Saluggia, and “EUREX” (Enriched Uranium Extraction) nuclear installation, also based in Saluggia, according to modalities that envisage, as a final control, the determination of γ-emitting radionuclides through in situ gamma spectrometry measurements. Clearance levels’ compliance verification should be performed for all radionuclides potentially present, including those that are not easily measurable (DTM, Difficult To Measure). It is therefore necessary to carry out upstream, based on a representative number of samples, those radionuclides’ determination in order to estimate scaling factors (SF), defined through the logarithmic average of the ratios between the i-th DTM radionuclide concentration and the related key nuclide. Specific radiochemistry is used for defining DTMs’ concentrations, such as Fe-55, Ni-59, Ni-63, Sr-90, Pu-238, and Pu-239/Pu-240. As a key nuclide, Co-60 was chosen for the activation products (Fe-55, Ni-59, Ni-63) and Cs-137 for fission products (Sr-90) and plutonium (Pu- 238, Pu-239/Pu-240, and Pu-241). The presence of very low radioactivity concentrations, often below the detection limits, can make it difficult to determine the related scaling factors. In this work, the results obtained and measurements’ acceptability criteria are presented, defined with ISIN, that can be used for confirming or excluding a radionuclide presence in the process of verifying clearance levels’ compliance. They are also exposed to evaluations regarding samples’ representativeness chosen for scaling factors’ assessment.