PEG placement is an easy and safe procedure, although it is often requested too late. No single variable could predict complications or PEG removal. C-reactive protein was found to be predictive of early mortality and Charlson's index was predictive of late mortality.
Purpose Mortality following bariatric surgery is a rare event in contemporary series, making it difficult for any single center to draw meaningful conclusions as to cause of death. Nevertheless, much of the published mortality data come from single center case series and reviews of administrative databases. These sources tend to produce lower mortality estimates than those obtained from controlled clinical trials. Furthermore, information about the causes of death and how they were determined is not always available. The aim of the present report is to describe in detail all deaths occurring within 30-days of surgery in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS). Methods LABS is a 10-center observational cohort study of bariatric surgical outcomes. Data were collected prospectively for bariatric surgeries performed between March 2005 and April 2009. All deaths occurring within 30-days of surgery were identified, and cause of death assigned by an independent Adjudication Subcommittee, blinded to operating surgeon and site. Results 6118 patients underwent primary bariatric surgery. 18 deaths (0.3%) occurred within 30-days of surgery. The most common cause of death was sepsis (33% of deaths), followed by cardiac causes (28%) and pulmonary embolism (17%). For one patient cause of death could not be determined despite examination of all available information. Conclusions This study confirms the low 30-day mortality rate following bariatric surgery. The recognized complications of anastomotic leak, cardiac events, and pulmonary emboli accounted for the majority of 30-day deaths.
Background: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used scale to assess the functional outcome after stroke. Several studies on mRS showed good reliability, feasibility, and interrater agreement of this scale using a face-to-face assessment. However, telephone assessment is a more time-efficient way to obtain an mRS grade than a face-to-face interview. The aim of this study was to validate the telephone assessment of mRS among the Portuguese using a structured interview in a sample of Brazilian stroke patients. Methods: We evaluated 50 stroke outpatients twice. The first interview was face-to-face and the second was made by telephone and the time between the two assessments ranged between 7 and 14 days. Four certified raters evaluated the patients using a structured interview based on a questionnaire previously published in the literature. Raters were blinded for the Rankin score given by the other rater. For both assessments, the rater could also interview a caregiver if necessary. Results: The patients' mean age was 62.8 ± 14.7, mean number of years of study 5.2 ± 3.4, 52% were males, 55.2% of patients needed a caregiver's help to answer the questions. The majority of caregivers were female (85%), mean age 49.1 ± 15, and mean number of years of study 8.3 ± 3.4. Perfect agreement between the telephone and face-to-face assessments was obtained for 27 (54%) patients, corresponding to an unweighted Kappa of 0.44 (95% CI 0.27-0.61) and a weighted Kappa of 0.89. The median of telephone assessment mRS was 3.5 (interquartile range = 2-4) and of face-to-face assessment was 4 (interquartile range = 2-5). There was no difference between the two assessments (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.35). Conclusions: Despite the low education level of our sample, the telephone assessment of functional impairment of stroke patients using a translated and culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the mRS showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, the telephone assessment of mRS can be used in clinical practice and scientific studies in Brazil.
Introduction The treatment of hemorrhoidal disease by conventional technique is associated with significant morbidity, mainly represented by the postoperative pain and the late return to daily activities. A technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy is a minimal invasive surgical option that has been used to treat the hemorrhoidal disease and reduce its inconveniences. Objective To analyze the seven-year results of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Methods This study analyzed 407 patients with hemorrhoids grade II, III and IV, who underwent the technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the Luzia de Pinho Melo Hospital, during the period between December 2010 and December 2017. Twenty-seven patients (6.6%) had hemorrhoidal disease of the grade II, 240 (59.0%) grade III, and 117 (28.8%) grade IV. In 23 patients (5.7%), the grade was not found. All patients were operated by the same surgeon under spinal anesthesia. The 407 patients underwent dearterialization, with a varying ligation of one to six arterial branches followed by rectal mucopexy by uninterrupted suture. Eighty-two (20.14%) required removal of concomitant perianal piles or external hemorrhoids and/or fibrosed. In the postoperative follow-up the following parameters were evaluated: pain, tenesmus, bleeding, prolapse, thrombosis, and recurrence. Results The tenesmus was postoperative complaint reported by 93.6% of patients. Forty-three (10.5%) presented intense tenesmus and 44 (22%), moderate to intense pain. Four (0.98%) patients presented more intense bleeding in postoperative follow up; none of the patients required blood transfusions. The prolapse occurred in 18 (4.42%) patients, thrombosis in 11 (2.7%), and there were 19 (4.67%) recurrences that were reoperated in this period. Conclusion The hemorrhoidal dearterialization technique presents good results, with light and easy-to-resolve complications and little postoperative pain.
Background: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is the most commonly used scale to asses functional outcome after stroke. Several studies on mRS have shown good reliability, feasibility and interrater agreement of this scale using a face-to-face assessment and by telephone assessment in developed countries. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain with the culture-adapted and translated version of the scale to Portuguese could also be reliably applied by telephone assessment in Brazil. The aim of this study was to validate the telephone assessment of a Portuguese version of the mRS using a structured interview in a sample of Brazilian stroke patients. Methods: We evaluated 50 stroke outpatients twice. The first interview was face-to-face and the second was made by telephone and the time between the two assessments was at most 14 days. Four web-certified raters evaluated the patients using a structured interview as reported in the literature. Raters were blinded for the mRS score given by the other rater. For both assessments, the rater could also interview a caregiver if necessary. Results: The patients’s mean age was 62.8±14.7; mean duration of education was 5.2±3.4 years; 52% were males and 55.2% needed caregiver assistance to answer the questions. The majority of caregivers were female (85%), mean age 49.1±15 years old, and mean number of years of study 8.3±3.4. Perfect agreement between the telephone and face-to-face assessments was obtained for 27 (54%) patients, corresponding to an unweighted Kappa of 0.44 (95% CI 0.27 - 0.61) and a Kappa with quadratic weighting of 0.89. A difference of 1 level occurred in 21 (42%) patients. The median of telephone assessment mRS was 3.5 (interquartile range= 2-4) and of face-to-face assessment was 4 (interquartile range= 2-5). There was no difference between the two assessments (Wilcoxon test, p=0.35). Conclusion: Despite the low education level of our sample, telephone assessment of using a translated and culturally adapted Portuguese version of the mRS showed good validity, reliability and reproducibility in Brazil. The use of a structured interview is recommended for this purpose.
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