O objetivo deste texto é rever a terminologia sobre epilepsia utilizada no Brasil, a fim de unificar termos de uso comum tanto para leigos como para profissionais da área de saúde, uma vez que não há consenso. Em teses e artigos leigos sobre epilepsia são comuns termos como epiléptico e portador sendo a epilepsia referida como uma doença ou uma síndrome. Por outro lado, em reuniões de pessoas com epilepsia o termo paciente com epilepsia é comumente utilizado e os indivíduos ali presentes não são pacientes. A partir da heterogeneidade da epilepsia, o termo distúrbio parece ser o mais abrangente nos âmbitos cientifico e social. A Associação Brasileira de Epilepsia (ABE) propõe a definição de epilepsia baseada na última da Liga Internacional contra a Epilepsia (ILAE) (2005): distúrbio cerebral causado por predisposição persistente a gerar crises epilépticas e pelas conseqüências neurobiológicas, cognitivas, psicossociais e sociais da condição, devendo ter ocorrido pelo menos uma crise epiléptica. A ABE considera que os termos doença, portador, epiléptico devam ser proscritos e a epilepsia deva ser considerada um distúrbio, e os indivíduos que a apresentem, pessoas com epilepsia.
Introduction. Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is characterized by normal speech acquisition followed by epileptic seizures, receptive and expressive language deterioration coupled with agnosia for non-verbal sounds, having variable long-term evolution. Case Report. It is described neurophysiologic and acoustic findings in a patient with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, and correlate these with the results of a language evaluation carriedout 7 years after the acute phase. It is performed Electroencephalography, Immitance Measurements, Basic Audiometry, Auditory Brainstem Response, Middle Latency Response, and P300. Language was evaluated by Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Electroencephalography was normal and audiologic evaluation revealed normal Immitance Measurements, Basic Audiometry and Auditory Brainstem Response values. Anelectrode effect was present in the left hemisphere in Middle Latency Response, and bilateral P300 latencies delayed on the right. Language evaluation showed severe receptive and expressive impairment, severe phonemic substitutions, which had an impact on social and academic levels. There were contextual and gestual non-verbal compensations, evidencing intellectual and cognitive domain preservation. Conclusion. This case illustrates the specific cerebral areas that can be damaged in patients with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and which are demonstrable by clinical evaluation and proper neurophysiology studies, showing the importance of neurological, audiological, electrophysiological and language exams in a longitudinal follow up.
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