In natural conditions biotic and abiotic factors interact, synergistically affecting seed germination. In this study, we experimentally simulated natural conditions that occur during seed dispersal that can affect the germination of Copaifera langsdorffii. Specifically we evaluated the effect of aril removal by different dispersal agents (birds and ants) and fire on germination. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments: Control (seeds placed to germinate with aril intact); Acid (simulation of passage through the digestive tract of a bird); Aril removal (simulation of aril removed by ants); Fire (seeds exposed to fire). Germination percentage and time varied among treatments (X²=89. 735, P<0.001; X²=16.225, P<0.001, respectively). None of the control seeds (intact aril) germinated. Treatments that simulated dispersal (Acid, Aril removal) did not differ in germination percentage, with about 50% of the seeds germinating, however, the acid treatment accelerated seed germination. Fire also had a positive effect on seed germination with about 80% of the seeds germinating. Our results demonstrate the importance of dispersal agents to the population dynamics of C. langsdorffii. Furthermore, the capacity of seeds of C. langsdorffii to tolerate high temperatures is an important attribute for the occurrence of this species in the Cerrado.
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
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RESUMO -A Estação Ecológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais é uma importante unidade de conservação urbana com vegetação deMata Semidecídua e Cerrado, sendo área de inúmeros estudos com a fauna e fl ora locais. No entanto, informações sobre briófi tas são completamente ausentes, o que difi culta estudos mais aprofundados sobre estas plantas. O objetivo desse estudo foi registrar as espécies de briófi tas presentes na Estação Ecológica da referida Universidade, apresentar informações sobre sua reprodução e dados complementares sobre o micro-habitat e distribuição geográfi ca das espécies. A partir de 60 amostras de briófi tas coletadas em diferentes substratos foram encontradas nove espécies de hepáticas e 15 de musgos. O musgo Isopterygium byssobolax (Müll. Hal) Paris é novo registro para o estado, propágulos assexuados são descritos pela primeira vez em Donnellia lagenifera (Mitt.) W.R. Buck e a hepática Cylindrocolea planifolia (Steph.) R.M. Schust é novamente registrada para o estado após 160 anos.Palavras-chave: diversidade, Cerrado, fl oresta semidecídua, reprodução ABSTRACT -Bryophytes in the Ecological Station of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Ecological Station of the FederalUniversity of Minas Gerais is an important urban conservation area with semi-deciduous forest and savanna vegetation where several studies on local fauna and fl ora have been carried out. However, there is no scientifi c information on bryophytes, which hinders detailed studies on these plants. The aim of this study was to record the bryophyte species present in the Ecological Station, and to add information on their reproduction, as well as supplementary data on microhabitats and geographic species distribution. Within 60 bryophyte samples collected in diff erent substrates, nine liverwort species and fi fteen moss species were found. The moss Isopterygium byssobolax (Mull.Hal.) Paris is a new record for the state of Minas Gerais; asexual propagules are described for the fi rst time in the moss Donnellia lagenifera (Mitt.) W. R. Buck; and the liverwort Cylindrocolea planifolia (Steph.) R. M. Schust has again been recorded in the state after 160 years.
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