Studies on intra-individual response variability are classified into and reviewed under the rubrics of (1) variability of organic processes, (2) psychometric aspects, (3) spontaneous (aperiodic) variability, (4) systematic variability, (5) change of response with change in stimulus or situation, and (6) relationships between variability and other variables (such as brain lesions, motivation variables, and personality traits and types). The relationships between variability and neurosis or psychosis (and personality correlates in general) have not been established definitively, but it is suggested that variability may be negatively related to persistence and "character." 233-item bibliography.

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The results from this study helped to understand fall circumstances among full-time wheelchair users with MS and SCI. Findings from this study can inform the development of evidenced-based interventions to improve the effectiveness of clinically based treatment protocols. Implications for rehabilitation Falls are a common health concern in full-time wheelchair users living with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. The circumstances surrounding falls reported by full-time wheelchair users living with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries were found to be multifactorial. The complex nature of falls must be taken into consideration in the development of fall prevention programs. Findings from this study can inform the development of comprehensive evidence-based, population-specific interventions to manage falls among full-time wheelchair users living with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.

Falls are a common health concern for non-ambulatory adults. Risk factors commonly associated with falls include wheelchair related characteristics, transfer activities, impaired seated balance and environmental factors. Limited outcome measures are available to assess fall risk in non-ambulatory adults. Clinicians must be aware of the known risk factors and provide comprehensive education to their clients on the potential for falls. Additional research is needed to develop and evaluate protocols to clinically manage fall risk.