Morel berry root contains flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids that have an antibacterial characteristics. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the morel berry root ethanol fraction against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the most effective active compounds to inhibit such activity. Extractions of morel berry root used the maceration method with ethanol 70% of and then continued by fractionation using ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane. Test of the compound fraction was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and characterization with FTIR Spectrophotometer. The results of the antibacterial activity with inhibitory zone diameter were at a 100% concentration of 18.69 mm in S. epidermidis while P. aeruginosa of 20.00 mm. Bioautographic results for ethanol fraction indicate an inhibited zone with an Rf value of 0.72 in the S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa which is thought to be a flavonoid compound. Characterization with FTIR spectrophotometer functional groups O-H phenol, C = C aromatic, C-H aromatic, C-O alcohol, and C-H aliphatic in ethanol fraction with Rf 0.72.
The urgency of finding novel sources of active compounds to overcome infectious diseases is encouraged.
Morel berry (Physalis angulata L.) is a traditional herbal plant that can be used as an antimicrobial because of its unique chemical content. This study aims to find compounds that have antibacterial activity from the chloroform fraction of morel berry roots. This study used the Kirby-Bauer method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Determination of antibacterial compounds and their functional groups was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique and reagent spray test, TLC-Bioautography and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) studies. The chloroform fraction of morel berry showed a zone of inhibition with the highest diameter of 11.50 and 12.00 mm against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in the chloroform fraction. The relative retention stain of 0.54 on the TLC plate inhibited the growth of the two tested bacteria and indicated the presence of functional groups O-H phenol, C-H aliphatic, C=O ester, C=C aromatic, C-OH alcohol, and C-H aromatic. This study found that tannins in the roots of morel berries could be used as a natural antibacterial agent to treat S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa.
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