Peripheral blood leucocytes and their phagocytosis-associated metabolic activity were studied in 65 patients after elective surgery representing similar degrees of surgical trauma. Halothane (group A) or neurolept (group B) anaesthesia were given to 50 patients. Fifteen patients had extradural blockade only (group C). Leucocytosis was observed immediately after surgery in group B: patients in groups A and C responded more slowly. The higher 2nd-day values were followed by a decrease in leucocyte numbers on the 5th day. Although patients in groups A and B showed immediate decreases in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, recovery was noted only in group B on the 5th day after operation. It is postulated that leucocytes with damaged membranes and receptors are probably lacking in the necessary functional integrity to fight invading microorganisms.
Anaesthesia and surgery are known to depress granulocyte function in the early postoperative period, leading to deterioration of the immune defence against infection. Carbohydratelectin interactions may play an important role in the activities of phagocytic cells in that theyGeneral anaesthesia and surgery are known to influence immune cell function. The consequent impairment of defence mechanisms leads to a higher risk of postoperative infection. The clinical manifestation is dependent on several factors, i.e., inherited conditions of the immune system, secondary immunodeficient states due to malnutrition, underlying malignant disease, immunosuppressive therapy as well as the degree of surgical trauma, the length of operation and the type of anaesthetic technique used.Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are involved in the first line defence against invading microorganisms. The depressive effect of nitrous CAN J ANAESTH 1992 / 39:2 / pp 143--50
Protein-carbohydrate recognition may be involved in an array of molecular interactions on the cellular and subcellular levels. To gain insight into the role of proteins in this type of interaction, surgically removed specimens of human endomyocardial tissue were processed for histochemical and biochemical analysis. The inherent capacity of these sections to bind individual sugar moieties, which are constituents of the carbohydrate part of cellular glycoconjugates, was assessed using a panel of biotinylated neoglycoproteins according to a standardized procedure. Together with appropriate controls, it primarily allowed localization of endogenous lectins. Differences in lectin expression were observed between layers of endocardial tissue, myocardial cell constituents, connective-tissue elements, and vascular structures. The endocardium proved to be positive with beta-galactoside-bearing probes; with neoglycoproteins carrying beta-xylosides, alpha-fucosides, and galactose-6-phosphate moieties; and with probes containing a carboxyl group within the carbohydrate structure, namely sialic acid and glucuronic acid. In contrast, only fucose-and maltose-specific receptors were apparent in the elastic layers of the endocardium. Aside from ascertaining the specificity of the protein-carbohydrate interaction by controls, i.e., lack of binding of the probe in the presence of the unlabelled neoglycoprotein and lack of binding of the labelled sugar-free carrier protein, respective sugar receptors were isolated from heart extracts by using histochemically effective carbohydrates as immobilized affinity ligand. Moreover, affinity chromatography using immobilized lactose as affinity ligand as well as the use of polyclonal antibodies against the predominant beta-galactoside-specific lectin of heart demonstrated that the lactose-specific neoglycoprotein binding was due to this lectin. Remarkably, the labelled endogenous lectin, preferred to plant lectins for detecting ligands of the endogenous lectin, localized ligands in tissue parts where the lectin itself was detected glycohistochemically as well as immunohistologically. This demonstration of receptor-ligand presence in the same system is a further step toward functional assignment of the recorded protein-carbohydrate interaction. Overall, the observed patterns of lectin expression may serve as a guideline to elucidate the precise physiological relevance of lectins and to analyze pathological conditions comparatively.
Inhalation anaesthetic agents are known to depress phagocytic functions such as mobilization, attachment, chemotactic motility, engulfment and intracellular killing. Mannose-specific sugar receptors on the surface of leukocytes are involved in a series of phagocytosis-related activities. To investigate the effect of anaesthesia on the expression of this type of sugar receptor, mice were anaesthetized with halothane, enflurane and isoflurane. The presence of mannose-binding receptors on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes was examined glycocytochemically using the biotinylated neoglycoprotein mannosylated bovine serum albumin. Prolonged administration of inhalation anaesthetic agents, especially halothane, markedly depressed expression of mannose-specific receptors. This reduction may possibly contribute to postoperative immunodepression, resulting from the impaired cellular interaction which is involved in the phagocytic function of granulocytes.
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