The paper is focused on the research of the applied aspects of soil remediation, in particular the process of heavy metals (HM) binding and intensifying the cultivation of a soil microbiome using various organic-mineral compositions: biogenic composite, which is the product of anaerobic transformation of sewage sludge and phosphogypsum; organic-mineral compost, based on a mixture of phosphogypsum, superphosphate and cattle humus; and a combination of a mixture of sodium humate and superphosphate. The integration of theoretical and experimental principles in the synergy analysis of the interrelations in the system "objectsubject of research" in the study of the dynamics of changes in the forms of HM finding in the soil was carried out. The percentage content of the mobile forms of HM released by the extractant from their gross content before and after the treatment of the soil with organic-mineral compositions was determined with the spectrophotometric method using. The comparison of the soil processing efficiency was determined. Correlation relations of the dynamics in the biomass oxidative ability values for the soil biome and the rate of the substrate oxidation was proved over time treatment with different doses of the biocomposite with using of mathematical statistics methods.
The article is devoted to the study of reducing the technogenic load from high-dose nitrogen pollution of the soil layer by encapsulating granules of nitrogen fertilizers in slowly soluble phosphate-containing membranes. The process of dissolving and washing out of the primordial soil layer of the nutrients from urea, encapsulated by superphosphate shells in soil columns, was studied according to agrochemical techniques. The purpose of the work is to determine the parameters of the investigated process, based on which the previously developed physical model of soil washing of moving nitrogen forms, based on experimental data. The process of changing the loss of nitrogen from the soil when using different types of fertilizers depending on the amount of washing was studied by simulation. Mathematically, the process is described in general terms as a linear differential equation of the first order in partial derivatives. The solution of the equation under the initial and boundary conditions allowed to calculate the parameters of the model describing the nature of changes in the losses of nitrogen from the soil column. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed a coincidence of values with a correlation coefficient above 0.96 for investigated nitrogen fertilizers with different composition of the phosphate-containing coating.
Abstract. The article observes the impact factors of heat power engineering enterprises on the environment and ways of anthropogenic impact reduction during the application of ecological security control technological methods. The authors suggest attending to the optimization of specific environmental protection processes during the elaboration of ecological security control technical methods in order to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment. At the industrial enterprises it is reasonable to implement the principle of the optimization of the environmental protection processes with the help of the high-intensity purification equipment. The optimization of the environmental protection process involves the choice of the physical-chemical factors such as: thermodynamic, kinetic, mass-and heat-exchanging, hydrodynamic, influence parameters on the heterogeneous, complex systems.According to the results of the systems analysis of impact factors on the efficiency of environmental protection processes, it is suggested to optimize the cleaning equipment due to classified and structural parameters, which would allow design the systematic approaches to the selection of environmental protection equipment in future. The process intensity is considered as an environmental protection process optimization criterion.
The object of research is the efficiency of dust collection of fine dust in an apparatus with an intense turbulent mode of phase interaction. One of the most problematic areas of the existing dust and gas cleaning equipment is the low efficiency of collecting fine dust. Effective cleaning of exhaust gases from dust involves the use of multi-stage cleaning systems, including wet and dry dust cleaning devices, which entails high capital and operating costs. These disadvantages are eliminated in the developed design of the cyclone-vortex dust collector with two contact zones. The device implements both dry and wet dust collection mechanisms, which allows for high efficiency of dust removal at high productivity. The conducted studies of the total and fractional efficiency of dust collection when changing the operating parameters of the developed device showed that the efficiency of collecting fine dust is 98–99 %. The increase in the efficiency of dust collection in the dry stage of the device is due to an increase in centrifugal force. In the wet stage of contact, the efficiency reaches its maximum values due to the vortex crushing of the liquid in the nozzle zone of the apparatus. Studies of the fractional efficiency of the apparatus show that with an increase in the diameter of the captured particles, the efficiency of the dust collection process for dry and wet stages, as well as the overall efficiency, increases. With an increase in the density of irrigation, the overall efficiency of dust collection in the apparatus increases. It has been established that an increase in the efficiency of capturing highly dispersed particles occurs due to turbulent diffusion, the value of which is determined by the frequency of turbulent pulsations and the degree of entrainment of particles during the pulsating motion of packed bodies. To describe the results obtained, a centrifugal-inertial model for a dry contact stage and a turbulent-diffusion model of solid particle deposition for a wet contact stage are proposed, which make it possible to calculate the dust collection efficiency of the contact stages, as well as the overall efficiency of the cyclone-vortex apparatus. The results obtained show the prospects of using devices of this design at heat power plants and other industries.
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