Women aged 40-60 years frequently have bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Age, but not county residency, is an important factor associated with the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms in perimenopausal women. LUTS occurring more often than weekly seem to be the most appropriate single measure of LUTS.

The combination of a saphenous nerve block with single-dose LIA offered better pain relief on the day of surgery than LIA alone.

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RESULTSIn all, 92% (3664) subjects returned the questionnaire; 71% completed the questionnaire satisfactorily and were included in the study. The prevalence of nocturia increased with age. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 77% and there was no difference between men and women ( P = 0.11), but men had slightly more severe nocturia than women. The bother caused by nocturia in men and women increased with the severity of nocturia, and women were slightly more bothered than men when the degree of nocturia was > 2 voids/night. Nocturia was the most frequent self-reported reason for waking at night, followed by thirst. CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of nocturia increased with age. There was no difference between the genders in the overall prevalence of nocturia, but nocturia of ≥ 2 voids/night was more frequent in men. The degree of bother increased with the severity of nocturia, even after correcting for generic quality of life, and the younger groups were the most bothered. Nocturia was the major reason for waking at night, followed by thirst.

Objectives To determine the incidence and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms at one year in women aged 40-60, and to assess factors associated with remission. Design Ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Setting One rural and one urban county in Denmark. Participants 4000 women recruited on a random basis, 2860 of whom were followed up at one year. Measurements Incidence and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results Prevalence, incidence, and rates of remission of lower urinary tract symptoms in 2284 women were respectively 28.5% (95% confidence interval 26

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between nocturia and medical diseases, medication, urinary incontinence (UI), recurrent cystitis, smoking, alcohol, parity, hysterectomy, pelvic organ prolapse surgery, UI surgery, and prostate surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The previously validated questionnaire the Nocturia, Nocturnal Enuresis and Sleep‐interruption Questionnaire was sent to 2000 women and 2000 men aged 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 years. The population was selected at random from The Danish Civil Registration System. RESULTS Using multiple logistic regressions UI and age were significantly associated with nocturia irrespective of severity. Nocturia of ≥1 voids was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and smoking; and nocturia of ≥2 voids with gender, BMI, diabetes and recurrent cystitis, as well as between nocturia of ≥3 voids and gender, lung disease, diabetes, use of diuretics and recurrent cystitis. Summarising the associations in an ordinal regression analysis UI (odds ratio (OR) 2.17, 95% CI 1.76–2.68), recurrent cystitis (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.30–2.97) and diabetes (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–1.65) had the strongest associations with nocturia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that various disorders are associated with nocturia. However, the associations are strongly dependent on the severity of the nocturia.

This work was funded by Rigshospitalet's research funds, the Danish Cancer Society and Kirsten and Freddy Johansen's foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Objective To evaluate the voiding phase before and 1 year after surgery in women who underwent a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for stress incontinence. Patients and methods The study comprised 45 women with genuine stress urinary incontinence. To assess the voiding phase, patients were asked if their voiding had changed after surgery, and objectively the uroflowmetry, residual urine measurements and pressure-flow data were compared. Results At 1 year after surgery 39 women (87%) were subjectively cured and six (13%) improved. The objective cure rate was 88%; the pad-test leakage and the number of leakage episodes decreased significantly after surgery. Subjectively, 78% of the patients reported that the voiding phase had become more difficult, and the spontaneous flow curve changed to a more obstructive pattern in 40%, with the mean urinary peak flow rate (Q max ), the corrected Q max and the mean average flow rate decreasing significantly. The residual urine volume increased significantly, although no patient had volumes of >25% of their bladder capacity. During the pressure-flow study the Q max decreased and the urethral resistance factor increased significantly. However, only one patient could be classified as obstructed. Two patients had clinical problems and used self-catheterization once daily 1 year after surgery. Conclusion There were subjective and objective changes in the voiding phase 1 year after the TVT procedure. The significance of these findings remains to be determined. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify whether the patients at risk can be characterized from subjective and objective findings.