The use of online supplements is increasing, 1 and standards have been published to guide their format, length, and appropriateness. 2,3 However, the value of supplements has been questioned. [4][5][6] We assessed whether research manuscripts with supplements have a higher likelihood of peer review, acceptance, and online use after publication than research manuscripts without supplements.Methods | This cohort study assessed the numbers and types of supplements with research manuscripts submitted between January 1 and December 31, 2016, to the 3 journals in The JAMA Network with the highest volume of research submissions: JAMA (general medical journal) and 2 specialty journals, JAMA Internal Medicine (JIM) and JAMA Pediatrics (JPED). Research manuscripts included randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and other observational studies. Research Letters, which do not permit supplements, were excluded.We compared the rates of obtaining peer review and acceptance for manuscripts with and without supplements and analyzed the peer reviewer comments about the supplements. In addition, we evaluated all research articles and the numbers and types of supplements published in these journals between January 1 and December 31, 2016. We compared online use (views and downloads) of articles vs the supple-
Command File Error (CFE), as defined by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Mission Operations Assurance (MOA) is, regardless of the consequence on the spacecraft, either: an error in a command file sent to the spacecraft, an error in the process for developing and delivering a command file to the spacecraft, or the omission of a command file that should have been sent to the spacecraft. The risk consequence of a CFE can be mission ending and thus a concern to space exploration projects during their mission operations. A CFE during space mission operations is often the symptom of some kind of imbalance or inadequacy within the system that comprises the hardware & software used for command generation and the human experts involved in this endeavour. As we move into an era of enhanced collaboration with other NASA centers and commercial partners, these systems become more and more complex and hence it is all the more important to formally model and analyze CFEs in order to manage the risk of CFEs. Here we will provide a summary of the ongoing efforts at JPL in this area and also explain some more recent developments in the area of developing quantitative models for the purpose of managing CFE's.
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