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This investigation provides a comprehensive analysis of entrained-flow biomass particle combustion processes. A single-particle reactor provided drying, pyrolysis, and reaction rate data from poplar particle samples with sizes ranging from 3 to 15 mm. A one-dimensional particle model simulates the drying, rapid pyrolysis, gasification, and char oxidation processes of particles with different shapes. The model characterizes particles in three basic shapes (sphere, cylinder, and flat plate). With the particle geometric information (particle aspect ratio, volume, and surface area) included, this model can be modified to simulate the combustion process of biomass particles of any shape. The model also predicts the surrounding flame combustion behaviors of a single particle. Model simulations of the three shapes agree nearly within experimental uncertainty with the data. Investigations show that spherical mathematical approximations for fuels that either originate in or form aspherical shapes during combustion poorly represent combustion behavior when particle size exceeds a few hundred microns. This includes a large fraction of the particles in both biomass and black liquor combustion. In particular, composition and temperature gradients in particles strongly influence the predicted and measured rates of temperature rise and combustion, with large particles reacting more slowly than is predicted from isothermal models.

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This investigation explores the reasons for and technical challenges associated with co-combustion of biomass and coal in boilers designed for coal (mainly pulverized coal) combustion. Biomass-coal cocombustion represents a near-term, low-risk, low-cost, sustainable, renewable energy option that promises reduction in effective CO 2 emissions, reduction in SO x and often NO x emissions, and several societal benefits. Technical issues associated with cofiring include fuel supply, handling and storage challenges, potential increases in corrosion, decreases in overall efficiency, ash deposition issues, pollutant emissions, carbon burnout, impacts on ash marketing, impacts on SCR performance, and overall economics. Each of these issues has been investigated and this paper summarizes the state-ofthe-art in each area. The focus is on fireside issues. While each of the issues can be significant, the conclusion is that biomass residues represent possibly the best (cheapest and lowest risk) renewable energy option for many power producers.

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