Background. Approximately 90% of all anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk genotypes such as HPVs 16 and 18. Objective. To investigate the clinical and prognostic aspects of anal cancers associated with the presence, as well as the genotypic distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods. A retrospective study carried out over a 10-year period, using clinical and molecular data, with PCR analysis and reverse hybridization (INNO-LIPA kit), in anal cancers. The data analysis was done using descriptive univariate statistics, and the survival curves were made using the Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods. Results. Of the 81 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, HPV prevalence was 69% and was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) than in other anal tumors (p=0.0001). Female patients had a higher prevalence of HPV (p=0.01). Multiple infections were detected in 14.3% of cases. The most prevalent genotypes were HPVs 16, 33, and 18. The overall survival at 60 months was 44.3%, and the prognostic factors included gender (p=0.008) with greater survival for men (52.9%) in comparison to women (29.6%), histological type (p=0.01), SCC (54.4%), adenocarcinomas (37.5%), other carcinomas (14.2%), and the presence of distant metastasis (p=0.01). Survival was not influenced by the presence of HPV (p=0.54). Conclusions. The association of HPV to anal cancer was found in this study, especially in SCC. However, the presence of HPV did not influence the prognosis of patients with anal cancer.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease commonly diagnosed worldwide, with high mortality rates. Several studies demonstrate important associations between differential expression of micro-RNAs (miRs) and the prognosis of CRC. However, only a few systematic reviews emphasize the most relevant miRs able to contribute to the establishment of new prognostic biomarkers in CRC patients. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed tissue miRs associated with prognostic factors in CRC patients, through a systematic review of the Literature. Using the PubMed database, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, studies published in English evaluating miRs differentially expressed in tumor tissue and significantly associated with the prognostic aspects of CRC were selected. All the included studies used RT-PCR (Taqman or SYBR Green) for miR expression analysis and the period of publication was from 2009 to 2018. A total of 115 articles not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with the development of anogenital and head and neck cancers. In recent years a potential role of HPV in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested. Objective To investigate the presence of HPV in colorectal carcinomas and to study the role of p16 INK4a as a marker of transcriptionally active HPV infection. In addition, to investigate the correlation between these findings and the CRC prognostic factors. Methods Case control study with 92 cases of colorectal cancers, 75 controls of normal tissue adjacent to the tumor, and 30 controls of precursor lesions, including polyps and colorectal adenomas. Paraffinized samples were used, HPV detection and genotyping were performed by PCR and reverse hybridization by using the INNO LIPA kit, with SPF10 plus primers. The expression of the p16 INK4a protein was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed using descriptive, univariate statistics and survival curves were calculated by using the Kaplan Meier and log-rank method. Results HPV was detected in 13% of the cases and the most prevalent genotype was HPV 16. HPV DNA was not detected in either control groups. The high expression of p16 INK4a was observed in 30% of the cases, but it was not associated to the presence of HPV. The overall survival was 53.3% and was influenced by prognostic factors such as later stage, lymph node and distant metastasis.
Introdução: Os raios ultravioletas são espectros de radiações eletromagnéticas emitidas pelo sol, que são divididos em três comprimentos de ondas UVA, UVB e UVC. Esses raios em contato com a pele humana desencadeiam diversas alterações, desde queimaduras solar ao desenvolvimento de uma lesão neoplásica como o câncer de pele não melanoma que é o câncer mais prevalente no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: abordar os principais efeitos da Radiação Ultravioleta (RUV) na carcinogênese de pele, bem como a prevalência e fatores de risco associados ao câncer de pele não melanoma. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa descritiva, realizada nas bases de dados SCIELO, BVS e PUBMED, no período de agosto a outubro de 2017. Para cada estudo incluído foram extraídos autor; periódico; ano de publicação, tipo de estudo e principais resultados. Resultados e discussão: No processo de pesquisa e seleção foram encontrados 766 artigos, destes, 21 foram inclusos. A exposição a RUV solar ainda é o principal fator de risco para o câncer de pele não melanoma. No Brasil, as Regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram os maiores índices de novos casos de câncer de pele não melanoma. Os indivíduos com pele clara ou branca foram os mais susceptíveis a exposição UV. Conclusão: A RUV tem papel fundamental na carcinogênese de pele do tipo não melanoma. A maior prevalência deste câncer é em pessoas de pele clara ou branca. Medidas de foto educação e fotoproteção ainda são necessárias.
Resumo: Esse trabalho visou analisar a prevalência de alterações citológicas sugestivas de infecção por HPV, em resultados de amostras cervicais de mulheres atendidas em uma unidade de pronto atendimento. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo descritivo, que utilizou como fonte de coleta de dados, fichas laudadas de exame citológico de pacientes atendidas na Unidade CAIS Progresso do município de Anápolis, Goiás. Dentre 3.831 fichas de exame citológico cervical, somente 24 apresentaram alterações citopatológicas e, destas, nove foram classificadas com algum tipo de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC). Houve periodicidade do exame preventivo em mais de 50% dos casos alterados. Mesmo com a periodicidade do exame citológico houve casos de alterações citopatológicas que podem sugerir uma possível infecção pelo HPV e consequentemente o desenvolvimento do câncer cervical. Palavras-chave: Câncer cervical. Papilomavírus humano. Papanicolau.
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