Melasma is a hard-to-treat hyperpigmentation disorder. Combined incorporation of kojic dipalmitate (KDP), the esterified form of kojic acid, and rosehip oil, an oil with antioxidant and skin-regenerating properties, into nanocarrier systems appears to be a suitable strategy to develop high-performance formulations. A high-energy method (Ultra-Turrax®) was used to develop nanoemulsions containing up to 2 mg/mL KDP, 5% rosehip oil, and 7.5% surfactant. Formulations were characterized regarding droplet size, size distribution, pH, density, morphology, KDP content, incorporation efficiency, and stability under different temperature conditions. A scale-up study was conducted. Skin permeation, antioxidant potential, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were assessed in vitro. Cell viability studies were also performed. Results showed that nanoemulsions containing 1 and 2 mg/mL KDP had incorporation efficiencies greater than 95%, droplet size smaller than 130 nm, suitable size distribution, zeta potential of approximately −10 mV, and good stability over 30 days of refrigerated storage. The nanoemulsion containing 1 mg/mL KDP was chosen for further evaluation because it had lower nanocrystal formation, greater scale-up feasibility and allowed KDP permeation up to the epidermis similarly than observed for 2 mg/mL KDP. This formulation (1 mg/mL KDP) showed antioxidant and depigmenting efficacy, close to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid. No cytotoxicity was observed in formulations concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 1%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.