Burkholderia (B.) mallei is the causative agent of glanders in Equidae. This study describes the first record of the Turkey 10 strain of B. mallei in glanderous horses in Northeastern of Brazil. This description should contribute to the future actions of diagnosis, control, and eradication of this disease in Brazil. Keywords Sequencing. Diagnosis. Glanders. Brazil Glanders is a zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia (B.) mallei with compulsory notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). While glanders was eradicated in Europe and North America during the first half of the last century by restrictive measures to sacrifice infected animals, in Asia, the Middle East, and South America, the disease is still endemic. In recent years, outbreaks of the disease have been reported and continue to grow numbers of countries, including Brazil, Pakistan, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, and India [13]. In Brazil, glanders was described in 1811 by Pimentel [15], and in 1960, the disease was officially considered eradicated. In 2000, Mota et al. registered the emergence of new cases of glanders in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Nowadays, the disease is registered
Glanders is an infectious and often lethal zoonotic disease of equines caused by the bacterium, Burkholderia mallei. This condition is characterized by respiratory, lymphatic, and cutaneous lesions. In this study, we monitored the development of clinical symptoms in animals naturally infected with B. mallei across different equine breeds and also isolated and characterized the disease-causing bacteria. We studied two official glanders outbreaks in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. During the outbreaks, we performed clinical and immunological follow-up of the animals, as well as euthanasia and anatomopathological examination. We also collected diagnostic materials for isolative, phenotypic, molecular, and biological testing. We did not observe any clinical patterns of glanders among animals infected with the same strain of B. mallei. Based on our results, we suggest that early diagnosis of infection should be made through highly sensitive and specific immunoassays. In asymptomatic but positive test cases, we confirmed the importance of conducting pathological, microbiological, and molecular examinations.
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