RESUMOO consumo de forragem fo i avaliado em novilhas de corte exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multijlorum Lam.) ou recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) com ou sem adição de ionóforo. Foi usado o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. O delineamento experimental fo i o inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com três tratamentos e três repetições de área. Os animais foram considerados as unidades experimentais nas avaliações de consumo. O consumo de pasto pelas novilhas fo i similar nos diferentes sistemas alimentares, ocasionando taxa de lotação semelhante. O fornecimento de farelo de arroz integral, com ou sem monensina, aumenta o consumo de matéria seca total. A adição de ionóforo ao FAI aumenta o desempenho individual das novilhas, sendo o seu uso recomendado quando existe o objetivo de reduzir a sua idade ao primeiro acasalamento. Palavras-chave: Angus, Lolium multiflorum Lam., monensina, óxido de cromo. ABSTRACTThe forage intake was evaluated in beef heifers exclusively in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture or receiving rice bran with or without addition o f ionophore. Chromic oxide was used as a fecal production indicator. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures on time, three treatments and three area replicates. The animals were considered experimental units fo r intake evaluations. The pasture intake by heifers was similar at different feeding systems causing similar stocking rate. The supply o f rice bran with or without monensin increased the total dry matter intake. The individual heifers performance was increased with ionophore addition to rice bran. Ionophore is recommended when there is a goal to reduce the age o f beef heifers at their first mating. INTRODUÇÃOO consumo voluntário de forragem é o principal fator que influencia a produtividade dos sistemas em pastejo, sendo influenciado por características relacionadas ao animal, à planta, ao suplemento fornecido, ao ambiente e ao manejo imposto ao pasto. O consumo total de matéria seca é menor em ruminantes mantidos exclusivamente em pastejo, em relação aos que recebem suplementos, e é esperado melhor desempenho de bovinos de alta produção quando há inclusão de suplementos em sua dieta, permitindo que esses expressem seu potencial genético. ROSA et al. (2013), no entanto, não observaram mudança na ingestão total de matéria seca, independente do estádio de desenvolvimento do pasto, quando novilhas receberam grão de milho ou gordura extrusada em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.).Dentre os suplementos que podem ser utilizados para animais em pastejo em azevém, destaca-se o farelo de arroz integral (FAI), por sua abundância regional. No Rio Grande do Sul, na safra 2011/12, estima-se que tenham sido produzidas aproximadamente 680 mil toneladas desse subproduto. Respostas anteriores, obtidas com o uso do FAI na recria de novilhas de corte, em pastagem de inverno, mostram que, quando associado à polpa cítrica (1:1), proporcionou incrementos de 21,92% ...

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The objective of this study was to evaluate, through meta-analysis, the forage characteristics of various species of the genus Paspalum and to use them to select the best ecotypes that can be used in artificial hybridization as parents and hybrids for pasture production and natural pasture recovery systems. Data were obtained from studies conducted by the Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Database comprised tests conducted with ecotypes and/or hybrids of Paspalum spp. in plots for evaluating total dry mass production, leaf dry mass production, and stem dry mass production by means of cuts. Total dry mass production, which included leaves and stems, differed between the ecotypes and hybrids. Hybrid H12 was the most divergent of all evaluated accessions. The greatest genetic divergence occurred due to dry mass production. Hybrids showed high total dry mass production, comprised mainly of leaves. Hybrid H12 and the accession of Paspalum lepton 28E were identified as the most dissimilar based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance using Tocher’s method. Total dry mass production is the characteristic that most contributed to the detection of genetic variability.

The rational use of N fertilization is essential to increase the recovery efficiency and crop productivity and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to assess forage yield (TDM), tillers population density (TPD) and N use efficiency (NUE) in six Paspalum notatum Flüggé genotypes in response to N fertilization. The experimental design involved randomized blocks on a subdivided plot design. In 2014-2015 the TDM was higher for the C22 and B26 hybrids (P < 0.0001), which were similar to each other, with an average of 6173 kg DM ha-1 yr-1. In 2015-2016 the TDM of the genotypes ranging from 7053 to 13773 kg DM ha-1 yr-1 , for pastures fertilized with 0 and 480 kg N ha-1 yr-1 , respectively. An interaction was found between Genotype × N fertilization level (P = 0.0155) for TDM in 2016-2017. In the years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 the C22 hybrid standed out as the genotype with the highest tiller production in response to N fertilization. In the year 2014-2015 NUE was higher (P = 0.0015) in the N fertilization levels N60, being of 15.5 kg DM kg-1 N. In the years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 the NUE was higher at fertilization level N120 (P < 0.05), being of 21.1 and 31.5 kg DM kg-1 N, respectively. The C22 hybrid was distinct as the genotype with the highest DM yield and superior tillering characteristics. The N fertilization level of 120 kg N ha-1 yr-1 promoted greater NUE in all P. notatum genotypes.

Animal production in tropical and subtropical areas of the world is largely dependent on native or cultivated pastures, which requires higher production, quality and adaptation of forage plants (Jank, Valle, & Resende, 2011). Agronomic practices such as nutrient management and species selection or the combination of these two factors are some of the options for increasing dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value in pastures. Proper soil fertility management is required for efficient grass forage production. Nitrogen (N) has an effect on crop growth, development and physiological processes (Seepaul, Macoon, Reddy, & Evans, 2016), and supply of N fertilizer tends to improve yields and nutritive value in warm-season grasses (Obour,

The objective of this study was to determine the leaf tissue flows in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), in different phenological stages, grazed by lambs, and managed under three herbage allowances (6, 9 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight under rotational stocking method. The experimental design was completely randomized, with repeated measures arrangement. Forage allowances determined similar growth and intake flows, actual and potential utilization efficiencies of grass and they were different in the phenological stages of Italian ryegrass. The intake of leaf blade, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in the 12% herbage allowance. Considering leaf tissue flows, Italian ryegrass can be managed in forage allowances that vary between 6 and 12 kg DM/100 kg body weight.

The objective of this work was to determine Paspalum notatum genotypes appropriate for the establishment of mixtures with temperate legumes and compare the productivity of mixtures with mineral-fertilized systems along two years. Four hybrids of P. notatum, ecotype Bagual and cv. Pensacola, were either subjected to mixtures with white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or fertilized with 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha −1 year −1 . P. notatum leaf blades and stems and herbage accumulation denoted a management × year interaction. Herbage accumulation varied between the mixtures and fertilized systems in first year, while in the second year, herbage accumulation of mixed systems employing the B26, B43, C22, C9, and Bagual genotypes were similar to that of systems fertilized with 120 and 240 kg N ha −1 . Hybrids B26 and C9 and ecotype Bagual, once made available to producers, could be indicated for mixtures with temperate legumes because they are superior to cv. Pensacola. Herbage accumulation in mixtures involving white clover plus birdsfoot trefoil and P. notatum genotypes is similar to that of mineral nitrogen-fertilized systems with 240 kg N ha −1 , emphasizing the viability of mixed between these species.

ABSTRACT. This work was carried out in order to generate information on the tillering process and to contribute for the understanding of the defoliation process on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) grazed by lambs under different herbage allowances: 6, 8 and 12 kg of dry matter per 100 kg of animal live weight per day. The grazing method was intermittent. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, with three treatments and two area replications. The intensity of defoliation is greater at 6 and 9% herbage allowances. The defoliation interval is higher at 12% herbage allowance, intermediate at 9% and lower at 6%. The rates of tiller emergence, survival and death, stability index the tiller population are similar for the different herbage allowances and differ according to the phenological stage of ryegrass. Structural changes caused by canopy management with low herbage allowance and/or due to the advance in developmental stage of ryegrass alter defoliation strategies, with more intense and frequent grazing.Keywords: accumulated thermal sum, intermittent grazing, defoliation intensity, defoliation interval, lambs, Lolium multiflorum.Padrões de desfolhação e da dinâmica de perfilhamento em azevém sob diferentes ofertas de forragem RESUMO. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de gerar informações sobre o processo de perfilhamento e contribuir para com o entendimento do processo de desfolhação do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) utilizado por cordeiras, submetidas a diferentes ofertas de forragem: 6; 8 e 12 kg de MS 100 -1 kg de peso corporal. O método de pastejo foi intermitente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. A intensidade de desfolhação é superior nas ofertas de forragem 6 e 9%. O intervalo entre desfolhações foi superior na oferta de forragem 12%, intermediária na oferta 9% e inferior na oferta 6%. As taxas de aparecimento, sobrevivência e mortalidade de perfilhos e o índice de estabilidade da população de perfilhos são similares nas ofertas de forragem e variam nos estádios fenológicos do azevém. Mudanças estruturais do dossel causadas pelo manejo com baixas ofertas de forragem e/ou pelo avanço do estádio fenológico do azevém alteram as estratégias de desfolhação, com pastejo realizado de forma mais intensa e frequente.Palavras-chave: soma térmica, pastejo intermitente, intensidade de desfolhação, intervalo entre desfolhações, cordeiras, Lolium multiflorum.