In this paper we present the results of the assessment of the impact of internal migration and human capital of migrants on the convergence of regions on wages. Using Rosstat data for 2002—2016 for 77 Russian Regions we have estimated dynamic GMM model with spatial effects. The results have showed that internal migration increases the speed of convergence regions on wages. The impact of migration on the wage convergence of regions depends on the level of education of migrants.
The article analyzes the digital literacy of the elderly population and digitalization of enterprises — important indicators of competitiveness — in the EU countries. The research methodology is based on Eurostat data and indicators of the composite index of digitalization of economy and society developed by the European Commission. The results of the comparative analysis show that the digitalization of enterprises and population in transition countries lags behind the developed EU countries. The digital literacy of the elderly population remains the lowest and lags behind the digital literacy of the younger population. At the same time, the higher the share of enterprises with a high level of digitalization in a country, the larger the share of elderly population with a basic level of digital literacy.
T he level of innovation activity of the Russian enterprises is inferior to the level of innovation activity of enterprises in developed countries. At the same time, Russian enterprises actively use fixedterm contracts, which help them to reduce the labour costs and adapt to changes in demand, to increase the flexibility of labor and improve the selection of employees at the workplaces. Fixed-term contracts can contribute to innovation, because they enhance the flexibility of labor relations and create savings in the use of workers. However, fixed-term contracts can reduce the likelihood of innovation because they reduce investment in human capital, leading to a reduction in labor productivity. Which trends dominate in labour relations is the subject of this study. For the study, we was used the data about Keywords: innovative activity of enterprises; types of innovation; fixed-term contracts; non-standard employment; human capital and innovation; investment; Russia enterprises from the annual Russian Enterprises Survey in 2014. The sample is representative for Russia and includes small, medium and large enterprises with more than 30 employees in seven sectors (mining, industry, construction, transport and communications, trade, finance, business services). For the analysis, we used bivariate probit model, Heckman correction model and probit model with continuous endogenous regressor (the share of workers with fixed-term labour contracts). The results showed that fixed-term contracts have a positive effect on the innovation activity of enterprises only when they are used in a limited quantity. With an increase in the percentage of workers in enterprises with fixedterm contracts, the likelihood of innovation activity of enterprises declines.
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