Data on the health status of the population of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North of Khanty and Mansi, who migrated to the city and changed the traditional nomadic way of life, are few and not systematized.The aim of the study was to study the course of pregnancy and childbirth among the indigenous peoples of the north who migrated and live in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. An increase in the frequency of gynecological diseases was revealed: menstrual irregularities (in 38.5%), inflammatory diseases of the cervix (in 42.3%) and inflammatory diseases of the uterus (in 19.2%). Half of the observed women had gastritis (50%), cholecystitis (51.9%), every fourth cystitis (23.1%), anemia was diagnosed in every third in 30.8%. Pregnancy in women of the study cohort was often complicated by early toxicosis, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, threatening premature birth. Childbirth in pregnant women from among the indigenous small peoples of the north living in the city was complicated by anomalies in labor, indications for emergency operative delivery. This requires further study of the health status of the indigenous peoples of the north and the development of a health improvement program.Materials and methods. The course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period was retrospectively analyzed in 168 women selected by the continuous sampling method. Women from the Khanty and Mansi KMNS living in the village of Berezovo, in the camps and in Khanty-Mansiysk were examined. Statistical processing was performed in the software package SPSS, Statistica 8.0, as well as using the Microsoft Excel analysis package.Results. The results of the study showed that the least number of deviations in the state of health were among women from the number of KMNS living in the village and in the camps and leading a traditional nomadic lifestyle. The course of pregnancy rarely had complications and 100% of women ended in spontaneous labor on time.Conclusion. The urbanization of women from among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north has an adverse effect on the state of somatic and reproductive health, characterized by a high frequency of gynecological diseases, pregnancy complications, labor anomalies and operative delivery.
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a number of studies related to the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the course of pregnancy and fetus condition. As observed, the placentas of women who have had a new coronavirus infection often contain more villous agglutination and subchorionic thrombi than placentas in SARS-CoV-2-negative women. To date, several isolated publications have reported clinical cases of fetal death in mothers infected with coronavirus infection. The authors have made an assumption on the association of adverse outcomes with placental lesions. The aim of the study was to analyse a clinical case of a moderate-course new coronavirus infection in a pregnant woman at a long gestation period who underwent an antenatal fetal death, and evaluate the features of placental histopathology and their impact on adverse gestational outcomes. Material and methods. The authors have analysed Russian and international research publications from various sources, including eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, PubMed databases etc. and, considering the data obtained, investigated a clinical case of intrauterine fetal death in a pregnant woman infected with SARS-CoV-2. The placenta was studied in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Pathologists "Rules for placental pathological and anatomical examination" and the international classification of placental lesions (Amsterdam, 2015). Results. The results obtained support the association between acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract and developing severe hemodynamic disorders in the "mother-placenta-fetus" system in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Systemic inflammation associated with new coronavirus infection appears to be one of the mechanisms for developing placental disorders.
Element composition of hair of 102 expectant mothers, gave birth to a term 38-40 weeks has been studied. The main group included 52 women with fetus somatomegaly - (weight of a newborn is 4000 g and more), middle age - 29,6+8,4 The control group included 50 women with fetus normosomiya (weight of a newborn is from 2800 to 3999g ), middle age - 26,9+9,1 years. Bio-elements content, participating in carbohydrate and lipids metabolism namely Mg, Cr and Zn has been measured in the hair of expectant mothers using methods АЭС-PIC, МС-PIC. Statistically lower indices of Mg (p = 0,005) Cr (p = 0,010) and Zn (p = 0,004) concentration have been detected in expectant mothers with fetus somatomegaly in comparison with expectant mothers with fetus normosomiya. The expectant mothers with fetus somatomegaly more often had deviation from the physiologically optimal values of Mg, Cr and Zn concentration and deficiency of different degree of intensity as compared to the control group. Consequently, imbalance of macro and microelements of the organism can serve as one of starting mechanisms of pathological disorders, responsible for metabolic imbalance and diseases associated with it, in particular fetus somatomegaly in expectant mothers. Timely correction of macro and microelements imbalance can be considered as one of preventive variants of big fetation and along with other well-known methods of body weight optimization of expectant mothers become a preventive method of obstetric pathology development in mother and diseases associated with surplus body weight in a child.
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