Abstract. The article reviews the trends which define development of power engineering in the world and in Russia. The authors emphasize that establishment of smart grids is the consequence of not only technological but also social transformations of a modern society. The authors sum up that social competencies are an integral part of professional skills of engineers who work in the field of power engineering. The authors make a hypothesis that the major (educational module) "Energy consultant for the population" might develop social competencies.
The proposed paper presents an attempt of interpretation of tolerance within the boundaries of the author's concept of the soft globalization, i.e the implementation of globalization with a mental form, which constructs normatively attractive alternative to interpretations of globalization in material, mainly economical form, presented in recent social and political issues. The concept of soft globalization opens new perspectives for understanding the tolerance phenomenon. Tolerance is possible in the sphere of cultural values at the level not only meaning, but also purposes, where the other's alterity becomes not only the subject of legitimation, but also value. It is provided by the conventionality of cultural world as the product of creative human activity. The essence of uniqueness of human being manifests in the process of understanding of the Self through the Other. Not simply recognizing the Other, but applying tolerance to the Other's alterity might be the condition of defining a person's own place and sense of existence in multicultural world. Tolerance requires realization of such understanding procedure in which the Other, on the hand, should remain the same alter to us, but, on the other hand, should become ours in its alterity. Type of tolerance, which is formed inside the process of soft globalization on the basis of the quintessence of the spiritual formation, provides the conditions for such understanding procedure appearance, creating openness of a person both to cultural differences (cultural, ethnic, religious minorities) and to cultural unification (dominated culture). Soft globalization put at its centre the idea of a global citizenship under a new paradigm of tolerant global citizenship.
Abstract. The paper considers risk in the context of the main characteristics of non-classical epistemology. It states that non-classical epistemology is characterized by transformation, according to which the major priority of cognitive activity shifts the focus from the present to the past. In this situation a subject is keen not on what he or she has learnt but on what can be learnt. Truth being a crucial criterion of scientific knowledge is becoming of less priority, while risk is becoming more and more significant and acts as one of the major epistemology measurements. Risk is gaining the status of epistemological phenomenon, which shows a growing degree of uncertainty as a cognitive process background and the necessity for a subject to learn the world (make decisions) under the conditions of uncertainty degree strengthening. The author states that risk is a comprehensive notion and it obtains a base value for all other aspects of its application, specifically, in the role of epistemological phenomenon.
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